心血管疾病,癌症和精神疾病的大型语言模型:系统性审查的审查
Andreas Triantafyllidis1, Sofia Segkouli1, Stelios Kokkas1
1Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 对慢性疾病护理,特别是心理健康有希望,但在准确性,偏见和数据隐私方面面临挑战. 在临床广泛采用之前,需要严格的现实世界评估.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 慢性疾病管理 慢性疾病管理
背景情况:
- 生成型人工智能 (GenAI) 和大型语言模型 (LLM) 在医疗保健研究中越来越受欢迎.
- 这一元综述重点关注慢性疾病的LLM,特别是心血管,癌症和心理健康状况.
研究的目的:
- 对慢性疾病的LLM进行系统性审查的首次元综述.
- 确定LLM在心血管,癌症和精神疾病患者护理中的价值,挑战和临床应用.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed和Scopus中按照PRISMA指南进行系统的文献搜索.
- 包括包括LLM的系统审查,合成基于疾病,应用,LLM类型,数据,准确性和结果的原始研究.
主要成果:
- 确定了5项系统审查,检查了81个LLM解决方案,主要是针对精神疾病 (86%).
- 从变压器 (BERT) 变体生成预训练变压器 (GPT) 和双向编码器表示是最常见的LLM.
- 主要应用包括抑郁症和自杀念头的检测;挑战涉及准确性,偏见,透明度,隐私和道德问题.
结论:
- 在查,分拣,决策支持和患者教育方面,LLM显示出潜力,特别是在心理健康方面.
- 目前的文献受限于数据,透明度和安全问题.
- 优先考虑真实世界的评估,多样化的数据集,偏见审计和治理框架对于安全的LLM临床部署至关重要.
更多相关视频
05:47Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
Published on: June 13, 2025
1.3K
07:51Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
Published on: September 26, 2018
8.0K
相关概念视频
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
15.3K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
15.3K
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
868
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
868
Mouse Models of Cancer Study
6.4K
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
6.4K
Longitudinal Studies
468
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
468
