高强度间歇训练和中等强度持续训练对健康老年人的心肺功能的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Rui Chu1, Mingming Li2, Caiwei Zhu3
1Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
Medicine
|January 10, 2026
概括
高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 和中等强度持续训练 (MICT) 都可以提高老年人的心血管和肺功能. HIIT显示出更显著的改善,使其成为短期干预的理想选择,而MICT则适合长期炼.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
背景情况:
- 衰老与心血管和肺功能下降有关.
- 运动干预对于保持老年人的健康至关重要.
- 将高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 和中等强度持续训练 (MICT) 进行比较,对于优化炼要求至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估HIIT和MICT对健康老年人的心血管和肺功能的影响.
- 为老年人提供以证据为基础的运动处方建议.
- 为了比较HIIT与MICT在改善最大氧气吸收方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,科学网,科克兰图书馆,谷歌学者) 中对随机对照试验进行系统的文献搜索,直到2025年3月.
- 包括调查HIIT和MICT对老年人心血管和肺功能影响的研究.
- 使用RevMan 5.4和Stata 15.1与随机效应模型进行元分析,以确定最大氧气吸收的聚合效应大小.
主要成果:
- 总共分析了16项涉及1434名参与者的研究.
- 无论是MICT (MD=1.22) 和HIIT (MD=1.62) 都显著改善了最大的氧气吸收.
- 在比较两种干预措施的研究中,HIIT与MICT (MD=1.17) 相比显示出更好的改善.
- 最佳的MICT协议涉及中等持续时间 (>3个月,<6个月),每周3次会议,每次会议≥60分钟.
- 最佳的HIIT协议涉及中等持续时间 (>3个月,<6个月),每周4次,每次21-39分钟.
结论:
- 无论是HIIT还是MICT都有效改善老年人的心血管和肺功能.
- 特别是在短期干预方面,HIIT提供了更显著的好处.
- MICT是一个可行的选择,用于长期培训具有良好的耐受性的人.
- 运动处方应根据老年人的健康状况和耐受性来个性化.
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