通过单价XBB.1.5疫苗接种,优选增强SARS-CoV-2 Omicron血统特异性免疫反应
Daryl Geers1, Muriel Aguilar-Bretones1, Luca M Zaeck1
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
The Journal of infection
|January 10, 2026
概括
由于SARS-CoV-2免疫逃逸,需要每年更新COVID-19疫苗. 单价增强剂增强了Omicron特异性免疫力,即使有先前的祖先菌株暴露,指导未来的疫苗开发.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 持续演变,需要更新的冠状病毒病2019 (COVID-19) 疫苗.
- 以往感染和接种祖先SARS-CoV-2尖峰 (S) 蛋白的疫苗可能会影响对新变种特定增强剂的反应.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究免疫反应,包括抗体和T/B细胞,在单价XBB.1.5增强疫苗接种后.
- 评估之前的SARS-CoV-2暴露对诱导变种特异性免疫力的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体,T细胞和B细胞免疫反应.
- 在单价XBB.1.5疫苗接种后6个月内对医疗保健工作者进行分析.
主要成果:
- 单价XBB.1.5疫苗接种优先增强了对当代Omicron亚变体的中和抗体,尽管水平仍然低于祖先菌株.
- 抗体依赖的细胞细胞毒性反应得到增强和更广泛.
- 虽然广泛反应的B细胞被召回,但XBB.1.5特异性B细胞克隆的de novo诱导是有限的,优先选择针对Omicron亚变体的受体结合域的B细胞.
- 对所有评估的SARS-CoV-2变体的T细胞反应显示出交叉反应性.
结论:
- 单价增强疫苗接种有效地将免疫反应引导到当前流通的Omicron变种,尽管可能来自祖先的SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白暴露.
- 这表明,变种特异性增强剂可以克服先前存在的免疫偏差,以增强对新出现的SARS-CoV-2菌株的保护.
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