对临床大型语言模型及其对翻译准备的障碍的结构洞察力
1Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Asan Medical Center, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
|January 11, 2026
概括
临床大型语言模型 (LLM) 是有希望的,但需要更多的验证才能在现实世界中使用. 未来的研究需要更广泛的语言,数据和验证策略,以便可靠的临床部署.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 临床决策支持 临床决策支持
背景情况:
- 临床大型语言模型 (LLM) 迅速融入医疗保健决策中.
- 由于结构性表征不足和有限的外部验证,存在重大转化障碍.
研究的目的:
- 系统地绘制临床LLM研究格局.
- 确定影响LLM临床部署准备程度的结构性模式.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA 2020指南,对73项临床LLM研究 (2020年1月至2025年3月) 进行了结构化的证据映射.
- 根据临床任务,架构,数据类型,验证和评估指标分类研究.
主要成果:
- 大多数研究都集中在早期任务上 (例如,回答问题,预测疾病),使用文本数据和英语资源.
- 有限的外部验证 (6.9%) 和前性设计 (4.1%) 突出了翻译差距.
- 主要是定量评估 (79.5%),对可用性的定性方法的认可越来越大.
结论:
- 临床法学士研究在很大程度上是探索性的,缺乏跨语言,数据类型和设置的概括性.
- 未来的研究必须强调多语言/多模式培训,前性设计和严格的外部验证.
- 结合定量和定性指标的混合评估框架对于临床可信度至关重要.
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