印度东部Mayurbhanj地区的五岁以下儿童中B型肝炎感染情况和疫苗覆盖率
K Divyashree Bhat1,2, Haimanti Bhattacharya1, Yuvaraj Jayaraman3
1Department of Microbiology & One Health, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
The Indian journal of medical research
|January 11, 2026
概括
乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染影响了奥迪沙州1-5岁儿童的0.8%,其中72.6%具有保护性抗体. 需要有针对性的干预措施来改善农村社区的HBV疫苗接种覆盖率.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染是一个重大的全球健康问题.
- 农村和部落人口在获得医疗保健方面面临挑战,增加了对HBV的脆弱性.
- 评估儿童的HBV感染和疫苗接种情况对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定1-5岁儿童中HBV感染的流行率.
- 评估研究群体中乙肝疫苗的疫苗接种覆盖率.
- 发现疫苗接种系列完成和免疫保护方面的差距.
主要方法:
- 一项横截面研究是在奥迪沙的Mayurbhanj地区进行的.
- 血液样本被分析为乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg),抗HBs和抗HBc.
- 收集了疫苗接种记录,血清学标记评估了感染和免疫力.
主要成果:
- 结合HBV感染 (HBsAg或抗HBc阳性) 的总流行率为0.8%.
- 乙型肝炎出生剂量疫苗接种覆盖率为90.9%,随后的五价剂量接种率很高.
- 只有72.6%的儿童具有保护性抗HBs水平,这表明27.4%的儿童免疫力不足.
结论:
- 尽管疫苗接种率很高,但很大一部分儿童缺乏对HBV的保护性免疫力.
- 需要改善及时注射分娩剂量和完成疫苗接种系列.
- 基于社区的健康教育和强大的跟踪系统对于提高HBV疫苗接种率和覆盖率在服务不足的地区至关重要.
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