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对四分之一马的热负荷和比赛表现的遗传和表型洞察力
Mário L Santana1, Annaiza B Bignardi1, Ricardo A S Faria2
1Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis (UFR), Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil.
Journal of thermal biology
|January 11, 2026
概括
运动马的表现受到热量的影响. 这项研究发现,虽然四分之一马在他们的热舒适区内表现最好,但为速度而繁殖的热耐受性降低了,因此需要在未来的繁殖计划中关注热耐受性.
科学领域:
- 马科的科学 马科的科学
- 动物遗传学 动物遗传学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
背景情况:
- 热负荷对运动马的福利和表现产生重大影响,原因是运动期间内部热量产生增加.
- 马的热耐受性基因基础尚不清楚,尽管有表型策略来管理热效应.
研究的目的:
- 评估热量指数如何影响巴西四分之一马的比赛表现.
- 通过估计不同温度的遗传参数来探索耐热性的遗传基础.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自5542匹巴西四分之一马 (1984-2016) 的21,857场比赛时间记录.
- 作为环境变量,使用了反应规范模型,以赛前四天 (T4) 的平均空气温度作为环境变量.
- 估计的遗传参数,包括遗传性和遗传相关性,在温度梯度.
主要成果:
- 在更高的温度下,马的表现得到了改善,这表明比赛发生在它们的热舒适区内.
- 平均空气温度 (T4) 是影响比赛时间的最重要的环境因素.
- 确定了耐热和热敏感的基因型,在不同温度下具有不同的遗传性和遗传变异.
- 一个负遗传相关性揭示了整体性能和耐热性之间的权衡.
- 遗传趋势表明,选择速度导致热耐受性降低.
结论:
- 为了更快的比赛时间,繁殖四分赛马无意中降低了它们对热应激的耐受性.
- 未来的育种策略必须包括耐热性,以在不断变化的气候条件下保持性能.
- 了解耐热性遗传基础对于马的福利和表现在一个变暖的世界至关重要.
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