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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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杜申肌力发育不良症中的膀功能障碍:一个叙述性回顾

R R Kikkert1, J M Fock2, G J F J Bos3

  • 1Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Groningen, the Netherlands.

Journal of pediatric urology
|January 11, 2026
PubMed
概括

杜申肌肉发育不良 (DMD) 经常导致尿路和肠道问题. 这份综述强调了下泌尿道症状 (LUTS) 和排便问题的高率,敦促多学科的护理.

关键词:
膀功能障碍 膀功能障碍杜申尼肌肉发育不良症是什么下泌尿道的症状 下泌尿道的症状尿动力学研究的研究.

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科学领域:

  • 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科
  • 神经学 神经学
  • 儿科 儿科 儿科

背景情况:

  • 杜琴肌力发育不良 (DMD) 是一种严重的,渐进的骨肌疾病.
  • 在DMD的泌尿学并发症包括detrusor过度活跃,膀的低收缩性,尿失禁,detrusor-sphincter不协同作用,和尿病.
  • 本综述侧重于DMD患者的膀功能障碍管理.

研究的目的:

  • 调查患有DMD的儿童下尿路症状 (LUTS),排便问题,尿路感染 (UTI) 和尿病的发生率.
  • 评估泌尿问题对患有DMD的儿童生活质量的影响.
  • 为DMD中膀功能障碍管理提供建议.

主要方法:

  • 在PubMed,Scopus,Embase,Cochrane和Web of Science进行了全面的文献搜索.
  • 根据PRISMA指导方针选择了9项非随机化研究,并使用PICO框架进行分析.
  • 通过MINORS标准验证了研究质量.

主要成果:

  • 在DMD患者中,LUTS的患病率在32%到85%之间,犹,紧迫性,失禁和频率是最常见的.
  • 在32%到70%的患者中报告了同时出现的排便问题.
  • 关于尿路感染,尿病,生活质量和治疗结果的信息很少.

结论:

  • 脑膜炎症与尿道并发症的高患病率有关,特别是LUTS和排便问题.
  • 关于尿路感染,尿病,生活质量和DMD治疗疗效的数据显著缺乏.
  • 建议包括儿科泌尿科医生在内的多学科管理来解决DMD中的LUTS和肠道功能障碍.