一个自动的,简单的超声波生物反参数,用于区分准确和错误的语音音节
Sarah R Li1, Colin T Annand2, Sarah Dugan2,3
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, USA.
概括
这项研究开发了一种简单的基于超声波的参数,用于跟踪语言运动,用于语音治疗. 这种方法可以准确地区分 /r/ 声音的正确与不正确的舌头位置.
科学领域:
- 语音科学 语言科学
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
- 声学语音学的声音学
背景情况:
- 舌头运动的实时超声波分析对于语音的产生是具有挑战性的,因为快速的,独立的舌头区域运动.
- 目前用于语音治疗的超声波生物反是有限的,因为它需要说话者手动将他们的舌头运动与模型进行比较.
- 自动解释舌头运动偏差对于有效的生物反至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从超声波舌头跟踪数据中开发和评估一个单一的,自动化的参数.
- 评估参数在区分准确与错误表达的舌头动作对美国英语 / r / 声音的有效性.
- 为了确定这个参数在语音治疗中实时生物反的实用性.
主要方法:
- 超声波图像跟踪被用来记录舌头的移位.
- 移位被转换成一个单一的生物反参数:叶片和背部移位之间的时间依赖差异.
- 采用接收器操作特征 (ROC) 曲线分析来评估参数在各种元音上下文中的预测准确性,以初始和最终的 /r/.
主要成果:
- 开发的参数在预测 /r/生产准确度方面表现出很高的准确性.
- 在ROC曲线下的面积始终为0.8或以上,表明强大的预测能力.
- 该参数有效地区分了在各种rhotic上下文中准确的和不准确的舌头运动.
结论:
- 从超声波舌头跟踪中获得的简单,自动化的参数可以可靠地评估 / r / 发音的准确性.
- 这个参数显示了在语音治疗中提供有用的实时生物反的潜力.
- 这些发现支持使用自动超声波分析来改善语音表达训练.
相关概念视频
Perception of Sound Waves
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Sound Waves: Interference
Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
Beats
The study of music provides many examples of the superposition of waves and the constructive and destructive interference that occurs. Very few examples of music being performed consist of a single source playing a single frequency for an extended period of time. A single frequency of sound for an extended period might be monotonous to the point of irritation, similar to the unwanted drone of an aircraft engine or a loud fan. Music is pleasant and exciting due to mixing the changing frequencies...
Echo
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Aliasing
Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original signal...
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original signal...
Auditory Perception
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...


