风险因素和遗传标记与眼的发展和进展相关:一篇评论
Salman Ahmed Taher Hamid1, Saeema M Abdulmajeed1, Imtiaj H Chowdhury2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Journal of current glaucoma practice
|January 12, 2026
概括
本综述综合了绿眼病的环境和遗传风险因素的证据,包括初级开角绿眼病 (POAG). 了解这些因素有助于个性化风险评估和针对这一主要失明原因的有针对性的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 眼科和遗传学 眼科和遗传学
- 公共卫生和流行病学
背景情况:
- 玻璃眼是全球不可逆转失明的主要原因.
- 这是一种多因素的视神经病变,受临床,环境和遗传因素的影响.
- 本综述综合了对原发性开角光眼 (POAG),正常张力光眼 (NTG) 和原发性闭角光眼 (PACG) 的风险因素和遗传标记的证据.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估和综合环境风险因素和青光眼发育和进展的遗传标记的证据.
- 澄清这些因素之间的相互作用及其临床影响.
- 确定个性化风险评估和治疗干预的潜在途径.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Scopus,科学网,DOAJ和谷歌学者中进行全面的文献搜索.
- 包括同行评审的文章,临床试验,GWAS和元分析.
- 使用关键词,如"瘤"",POAG"",ACG"",风险因素"和"遗传标记".
主要成果:
- 显著的人口差异存在,POAG在非洲人群中普遍存在,PACG在东亚人群中普遍存在.
- 关键的不可修改风险包括年龄,家族病史和种族;可修改风险包括眼内压升高 (IOP),血管调节障碍和生活方式.
- 基因研究涉及*MYOC*,*OPTN*和*TBK1*突变,以及多基因风险评分,突出基因与环境的相互作用.
结论:
- 早期和遗传查,以及特定的干预措施,对于治疗眼至关重要.
- 个性化的管理策略,包括遗传标记和环境因素是必不可少的.
- 解决种族特异性风险模式和支持遗传咨询可以改善预防和治疗结果.
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