了解和解决儿童和青少年的欺凌问题
Clarabella Sabrina Harsono1,2, Nining Febriyana1,2
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|January 12, 2026
概括
儿童和青少年的欺凌是一个复杂的问题,受到个人,家庭和社会因素的影响. 有效的干预需要一个多层次的方法,整合心理,教育,家庭和安全环境的法律策略.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年心理学 儿童和青少年心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 法律研究 法律研究
背景情况:
- 欺凌是年轻人普遍存在的问题,包括身体,语言,关系,性和网络形式.
- 它涉及事者,受害者和欺凌受害者,具有重大的心理,社会和法律后果.
- 了解欺凌需要从心理学,教育,公共卫生和法律的跨学科见解.
研究的目的:
- 综合当前关于儿童和青少年欺凌的原因,神经生物学基础和法律方面的研究.
- 审查有效的干预措施,并讨论创造更安全环境的战略.
- 在全球和印度尼西亚的背景下,提供2000-2024年欺凌研究的全面概述.
主要方法:
- 关于2000年至2024年间发表的研究的叙事文献综述.
- 数据来源于主要的学术数据库:PubMed,Scopus和谷歌学者.
- 专注于跨学科研究,包括心理,教育,公共卫生和法律观点.
主要成果:
- 欺凌源于个人特征 (例如,冲动性),家庭动态 (例如,依恋) 和社会文化影响的组合.
- 慢性欺凌行为作为一个压力,失调的下丘脑-垂体-上腺轴,增加心理健康问题的脆弱性.
- 法律框架,如儿童保护法中的恢复性正义,以及基于证据的干预措施 (例如,基于正念的认知疗法,KiVa,Olweus) 显示出有效性.
结论:
- 应对欺凌需要一个全面的,多层次的战略,整合心理,教育,家庭和法律的组成部分.
- 可持续的,文化相关的干预措施需要学校,家庭和政策制定者之间的合作.
- 培养安全和支持的环境对于儿童和青少年的心理社会福祉至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:04Bullying
8.8K
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
8.8K
01:20Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
225
According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
225
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
485
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
485
01:27Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
219
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
219
01:28Conduct Disorder
470
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
470
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.7K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.7K