通过向CD11b+ Bregs,抑制RAS/MEK/PI3K通路增加了对CD40激动反应的响应,从而克服了黑色素瘤PD1耐药性
Chi Yan1,2,3,4, Weifeng Luo5,6, Jinming Yang5,6
1Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA. chi.yan@umanitoba.ca.
Nature communications
|January 12, 2026
概括
针对BRAF野生型黑色素瘤耐免疫检查点阻塞的新组合疗法显示出有前途. 将RAS/PI3K/AKT和MEK抑制剂与CD40和抗PD1激素结合起来,通过抑制抑制性B调节细胞来克服耐药性.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 开发有效的二线治疗BRAF野生型 (BRAFwt) 和NRAS野生型 (NRASwt) 或突变型 (NRASmut) 黑色素瘤抵抗免疫检查点阻塞 (ICB) 的方法至关重要.
- 系统性激素CD40 (aCD40) 加抗PD1 (αPD1) 疗法在ICB耐性黑色素瘤中显示出适度活性 (15%的客观反应率),部分原因是诱导的B调节细胞 (Bregs) 抑制CD8+ T细胞反应.
研究的目的:
- 研究新的治疗策略,以克服BRAFwtNRASwt和BRAFwtNRASmut黑色素瘤中的ICB抗性.
- 评估将RAS/PI3K/AKT和MEK抑制剂与aCD40和αPD1治疗相结合的疗效.
主要方法:
- 在小鼠中的BRAFwtNRASwt和BRAFwtNRASmut黑色素瘤瘤模型的治疗与rigosertib (RGS) 和/或trametinib (T) 加上aCD40.
- 在黑色素瘤细胞中CD40的过度表达.
- 对Bregs和CD8+T细胞反应的分析.
- 单细胞RNA测序 (scRNA-Seq) 用于分析患者癌症类型中的Bregs.
主要成果:
- 结合RGS和/或T与aCD40治疗在BRAFwtNRASwt和BRAFwtNRASmut黑色素瘤的小鼠模型中克服了ICB耐药性.
- 过度表达CD40逆转了ICB耐药性和诱导瘤回归与aCD40 + αPD1治疗.
- RGS + T抑制了aCD40诱导的CD11b+PD-L1+ Bregs,增强了CD8+ T细胞介导的杀死.
- 在人类癌症中,scRNA-Seq证实了CD40相关的CD11b+Bregs.
结论:
- 将RAS/PI3K/AKT和MEK抑制剂添加到aCD40治疗中,解决了aCD40诱导的Bregs的问题.
- 这种组合策略为ICB耐药BRAFwtNRASwt或BRAFwtNRASmut转移性黑色素瘤提供了替代的治疗选择.
相关概念视频
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
5.3K
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a...
5.3K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
4.6K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
4.6K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
7.2K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.2K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
7.7K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
7.7K
Inhibition of Cdk Activity
5.5K
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
5.5K
Tumor Immunotherapy
1.7K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
1.7K


