基于心电图的实时心血管疾病检测,使用平衡和可解释的机器学习方法
Imteyaz Hussain Khan1, Amar Singh2, Hilal Ahmed Rather3
1Department of Computer Applications, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
Physical and engineering sciences in medicine
|January 13, 2026
概括
这项研究开发了一个标准化的心电图 (ECG) 数据集和机器学习模型,用于准确检测心血管疾病 (CVD). 该方法显著改善了诊断性能,为临床决策支持提供了有价值的工具.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学和医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
- 生物医学应用的信号处理.
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 仍然是全球主要的死亡原因.
- 对于心血管疾病,有必要建立可靠和准确的诊断系统.
- 现有的心电图 (ECG) 数据集可能缺乏标准化或足够多样化,以实现强大的机器学习应用.
研究的目的:
- 创建一个标准化,大规模的12心电图数据集,用于分类六种主要的心血管疾病.
- 评估各种机器学习和深度学习模型对心血管疾病检测的有效性.
- 调查特征选择和提取技术,包括使用SMOTE解决类不平衡的影响.
主要方法:
- 从临床环境中收集并预处理了34580个12心电图记录的数据集.
- 提取了14个临床信息特征,并应用了合成少数人过量采样技术 (SMOTE) 来平衡数据集.
- 训练并测试了十个机器学习和深度学习模型 (例如,随机森林,DNN,MLP,RNN) 并使用SHAP/LIME进行解释.
主要成果:
- 在原始数据集上,随机森林和梯度提升实现了近乎完美的性能 (99.88%的准确性,精度,回忆,F1得分).
- 在SMOTE之后,深度学习模型显示出显著的改进:DNN (97.62%准确率) 和MLP (98.49%F1得分),显示出增强的概括性.
- 均衡数据集和SMOTE应用程序在提高模型稳定性和性能方面被证明是有效的,特别是在深度网络中.
结论:
- 开发的标准化ECG数据集和机器学习模型为实时CVD分类提供了高度准确和可解释的工具.
- SMOTE是缓解阶级不平衡的关键技术,大大提高了心血管诊断中的深度学习模型的性能.
- 这些发现支持了在诊断心血管疾病方面提出的决策支持系统的临床实用性.
相关概念视频
Electrocardiogram
5.3K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
5.3K
Pulse rhythm
1.3K
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
1.3K
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle
11.7K
The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
11.7K
Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring
2.0K
Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
2.0K
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias
323
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
323
Instrumentation Amplifier
1.0K
An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...
1.0K


