性和雌性阶段在恐惧灭绝期间影响功能连接
Alyssa A Hohorst1, Jessica D Westerman2, Carolina Sanchez-Mendoza2
1University of Colorado Denver, Department of Integrative Biology, Campus Box 171, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364, United States; University of Colorado Denver, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 173, P.O. Box 173364 Denver, CO 80217-3364, United States.
Behavioural brain research
|January 13, 2026
概括
雌性大鼠在特定的雌性阶段表现出增强的恐惧灭绝记忆,这与多巴胺通路活性有关. 这凸显了荷尔蒙周期如何影响恐惧学习和复发预防.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 行为内分泌学 行为内分泌学
- 恐惧的神经生物学 恐惧的神经生物学
背景情况:
- 恐惧灭绝记忆在雌性大鼠中在前孕期/前孕期 (Pro/Est) 与转孕期/转孕期 (Met/Di) 相比,在前孕期/前孕期 (Pro/Est) 中得到增强.
- 在Pro/Est雌性中,这种增强的记忆力需要实质黑色到背侧条纹体 (SN-DLS) 多巴胺 (DA) 途径.
- 在灭绝过程中,雌性阶段对更广泛的儿科胺基活性和网络相互作用的影响仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查恐惧灭绝期间神经激活和功能连接的性别和雌性阶段依赖的差异.
- 检查尼格罗斯特里亚特途径如何与传统的恐惧灭绝网络相互作用.
- 根据荷尔蒙状况确定影响灭绝学习的关键大脑区域.
主要方法:
- 在老鼠的恐惧灭绝过程中检查了神经激活 (cFos表达) 和功能连接.
- 比较了各种大脑区域的Pro/Est女性,Met/Di女性和男性,包括中脑类甲基胺基区域,恐惧灭绝网络和条纹子区域.
- 分析了结行为,cFos表达和网络连接的差异.
主要成果:
- 与男性相比,Pro/Est雌性在前皮质和环状回形中表现出较少的结和降低的cFos.
- 与男性和Met/Di女性相比,Pro/Est雌性在中枢杏仁体和腹膜区域的多巴胺神经元中显示出更大的cFos.
- 在灭绝期间,在Pro/Est雌性中观察到最高的功能连接,DLS充当中央枢纽.
结论:
- 雌性阶段在恐惧灭绝期间显著影响神经处理,影响行为和大脑活动.
- 背侧条纹体 (DLS) 作为Pro/Est雌性中的网络枢纽,发挥着至关重要的作用,可能会调解增强的灭绝学习.
- 这些发现为潜在的神经生物学机制提供了新的见解,这些机制是恐惧灭绝的性别和荷尔蒙依赖调节.
相关概念视频
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus
Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the male...
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the male...
Menopause
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Phallic
The third stage of psychosexual development proposed by Freud is the phallic stage, occurring between the ages of 3 and 6. During this period, children become aware of their bodies and the differences between males and females. The erogenous zone in this stage is the genitals, and conflicts arise as children develop desires toward the opposite-sex parent. Boys experience the Oedipus complex, where they desire their mother and view their father as a rival. This leads to castration anxiety, the...
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Latency
Following the phallic stage in Freud's theory of psychosexual development, children enter a phase called the latency period, which lasts from approximately six to twelve years of age. Unlike earlier stages, where sexual impulses played a central role, Freud believed these impulses are repressed during the latency period, becoming part of the unconscious. This stage is often described as a time of psychological calm after the turbulence of the phallic stage.
The latency period is not considered...
The latency period is not considered...
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Genital
The genital stage is the final phase of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, beginning at puberty, around age 12. During this stage, sexual energy shifts from self-focused interests to external individuals, marking the development of mature adult sexuality. Freud saw this phase as a time of sexual reawakening, with desires directed toward others outside the family. A healthy transition into this stage, according to Freud, signifies the emergence of two key aspects of adult...


