鼻内复制体疫苗建立了粘膜免疫力,并对H5N1和H7N9流感进行了保护
Matthew R Ykema1, Michael A Davis1, Darshan N Kasal1
1Access to Advanced Health Institute (AAHI), Seattle, WA, USA.
Nature communications
|January 13, 2026
概括
使用纳米结构脂质载体 (NLCs) 的新RNA复制体疫苗为流感提供了灵活的剂量. 鼻内注射有效诱导全身和粘膜免疫,提供对H5N1和H7N9菌株的保护.
科学领域:
- 疫苗学和病毒学
- 纳米技术在药物输送中的应用
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 季节性和流行性流感病毒对全球健康构成持续威胁,需要快速开发针对不断变化的菌株的疫苗.
- 目前的RNA疫苗技术虽然具有适应性,但往往缺乏灵活的注射途径,限制了关键的呼吸道粘膜免疫的诱导.
- 开发可以引起全身和局部粘膜免疫反应的疫苗对于有效的流感大流行准备至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估针对H5N1和H7N9流感菌株的新型单价和双价RNA复制疫苗.
- 用纳米结构脂质载体 (NLCs) 制备这些疫苗,使肌内 (IM) 和鼻内 (IN) 两种药物都可供使用.
- 在临床前模型中通过不同的途径评估NLC配制的复制品疫苗的免疫性和保护效果.
主要方法:
- 开发表达H5或H7血凝素的单价和双价RNA复制体疫苗.
- 用纳米结构脂质载体 (NLC) 制备用于IM和IN输送的疫苗.
- 对小鼠免疫性 (幽默和细胞反应,粘膜免疫) 的评估以及对子的流感挑战的保护.
主要成果:
- 肌肉内接种 (IM) 诱导了全身性幽默和细胞免疫,但缺乏粘膜反应.
- 复制品-NLC疫苗的鼻内 (IN) 管理引发了强大的全身和粘膜免疫反应.
- 挑战模型表明,IN-管理的复制体-NLC疫苗提供了对流感诱导的发病率和死亡率的保护.
结论:
- 用NLCs配制的RNA复制体疫苗的鼻腔注射是诱导对流感的综合免疫力的有希望的策略.
- 这种疫苗平台表现出作为流行病准备的有价值工具的潜力,因为它具有适应性和引起粘膜免疫力的能力.
- 进一步开发这种鼻内注射的复制体-NLC疫苗平台可以增强对新出现的流感威胁的保护.
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