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人工智能在紧急医疗中的伦理考虑:用于分拣和资源分配的范围审查
1Department of Humanity and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Clinical and experimental emergency medicine
|January 14, 2026
概括
紧急医疗中的人工智能 (AI) 引发了诸如偏见和隐私等道德和法律方面的担忧. 虽然解决方案已经存在,但需要对人工智能的进一步研究.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 卫生法 法律 卫生法
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 紧急医疗越来越多地使用人工智能 (AI) 进行患者分拣和资源分配.
- 人工智能在重症监护机构的伦理和法律影响需要系统审查.
- 了解当前的讨论和确定研究差距对于负责任的AI实施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查关于人工智能的伦理和法律讨论,以便在紧急医疗中对患者进行分拣和资源分配.
- 确定这些讨论的现状,它们的局限性,以及未来的研究方向.
主要方法:
- 用于全面的文献搜索的范围审查方法.
- 搜索了主要的数据库 (科学网,Scopus,CINAHL,PubMed,Cochrane图书馆) 来查找2020年1月之后出版的文学作品.
- 根据PCC框架分析了27篇选定的文章 (紧急患者/医务人员;分拣,资源分配;紧急医疗中的AI).
主要成果:
- 确定了关键的伦理/法律问题:数据隐私,算法偏见,自动化依赖,问责制和可解释性.
- 提出的解决方案包括以人为中心的设计,可解释的AI,监管框架,持续验证和人为循环系统.
- 发现关于说服力AI风险,生成性AI道德和社会验证/公众参与的讨论不足.
结论:
- 在紧急医疗中关于人工智能的伦理和法律讨论正在朝着具体的解决方案前进.
- 迫切需要进一步深入研究,以应对快速发展的人工智能带来的独特伦理挑战.
- 未来的工作必须使人工智能发展与紧急医学的特定价值观和快速步伐保持一致.
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