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旅游业对保护区野生大象行为的影响:可持续野生动物观赏的门
Brooke Friswold1,2, Antoinette van de Water1,2, Ave Owen1,2
1Conservation Ecology Program King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand.
Ecology and evolution
|January 14, 2026
概括
野生动物旅游给亚洲大象带来了压力,影响了他们的行为. 以科学为基础的法规,包括游客限制和安静观看,对于道德大象旅游和福利至关重要.
科学领域:
- 野生动物行为和保护科学.
- 生态和动物福利.
- 可持续的旅游管理.
背景情况:
- 野生动物旅游提供了保护的好处,但可能会对野生动物产生负面影响,特别是像亚洲大象 (Elephas maximus) 这样的社会物种.
- 了解旅游压力对大象行为的影响,对于制定有效的管理策略至关重要.
- 之前的研究表明,需要基于科学的法规,以减轻旅游地区的人类与野生动物之间的冲突.
研究的目的:
- 评估野生亚洲大象对不同程度的旅游压力的行为反应在泰国库伊布里国家公园.
- 确定影响大象行为的特定旅游相关因素 (如人数,车辆,噪音,距离).
- 建立理想和可接受的旅游条件的行为门,以告知管理法规.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项为期三年的研究,使用扫描和焦点采样来观察亚洲大象的行为.
- 用两个尺度测量旅游压力:观光旅游压力 (STP) 和每日旅游压力 (DTP).
- 对环境变量和人口统计信息进行了分析行为数据.
主要成果:
- 增加的旅游压力 (更多的车辆,人,噪音;更近的距离) 显著增加了压力,警和攻击性行为,同时减少了附属行为并促使撤退.
- 附属行为是最敏感的干扰指标.
- 确定了观看距离,车辆,人员和噪音水平的特定门,超出这些门后,负面行为反应显著增加.
结论:
- 从经验上获得的行为值可以指导开发野生动物旅游的基于证据的法规.
- 管理策略应包括缓冲区,安静观看协议,访客/车辆盖,导游培训和适应性关闭.
- 将这些门纳入政策可以改善动物福利,并促进泰国和全球的可持续大象旅游.
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