从使用自然语言处理的临床笔记中自动提取烯胺治疗和与治疗相关的毒性
Xizhi Wu1, Madeline S Kreider2, Philip E Empey2
1Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
International journal of medical informatics
|January 14, 2026
概括
具有错误分析的大型语言模型 (LLM) 促使有效地从临床笔记中提取胺治疗和毒性数据,优于其他用于瘤学研究和药物监测的NLP方法.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
背景情况:
- 甲胺在治疗结肠直肠癌和乳腺癌方面至关重要,但会导致严重的毒性,如手脚综合征和心脏毒性.
- 鉴定这些与治疗相关的毒性是具有挑战性的,因为文档通常在临床笔记中没有结构.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估自然语言处理 (NLP) 方法,从电子健康记录中提取胺治疗方案和相关的毒性.
- 为了比较各种NLP方法的性能,包括基于规则的,机器学习,深度学习和大型语言模型 (LLM).
主要方法:
- 从204,165名成年瘤患者的236份临床笔记创建了一个黄金标准数据集.
- 开发和评估了多种NLP模型:基于规则的,随机森林 (RF),支持向量机 (SVM),物流回归 (LR),BERT,临床BERT和LLM (零射击和错误分析提示).
- 模型性能使用5倍交叉验证进行评估,重点关注精度,回忆和治疗和毒性提取的F1分数.
主要成果:
- 基于LLM的错误分析提示实现了治疗 (F1=1.000) 和毒性提取 (F1=0.965) 的最高性能.
- 基于规则的方法也表现出强的表现 (F1=1000治疗,F1=0.904毒性).
- 机器学习模型 (LR,SVM) 在毒性提取方面表现良好,而深度学习模型 (BERT,ClinicalBERT) 和射频模型表现较差,可能是由于训练数据有限.
结论:
- 基于LLM的错误分析在从临床笔记中提取关键治疗和毒性信息方面表现出卓越的有效性.
- 这种方法对推进瘤学研究,提高患者安全和加强药物监督工作具有重大潜力.
- 传统的机器学习和深度学习方法在一般化方面遇到了局限性,特别是对于罕见的毒性类别,这强调了LLM在这个领域的优势.
更多相关视频
04:09Predicting Treatment Response to Image-Guided Therapies Using Machine Learning: An Example for Trans-Arterial Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: October 10, 2018
8.6K
06:21Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer
Published on: May 10, 2024
1.2K
相关概念视频
Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.7K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.7K
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment
1.5K
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
1.5K
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods
179
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
179
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
5.9K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.9K
Enhanced Elimination of Poison
864
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
864
Targeted Cancer Therapies
8.6K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.6K
