废水处理,分离和净化技术的进展:机制,好处,挑战,效率和可持续性前景
Innocent Chukwunonso Ossai1, Fauziah Shahul Hamid2, Ghufran Redzwan3
1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Waste Management, Institute of Research Management and Monitoring, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Tetragram Bioresources Limited, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria.
Journal of environmental management
|January 14, 2026
概括
先进的废水处理技术对于获得清洁水和资源回收至关重要. 将基于自然的解决方案与先进的方法相结合,可提供可持续,高效的污染物清除,并促进循环经济.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
- 水资源管理 水资源管理
背景情况:
- 全球对清洁水需求不断增长和废水污染不断增加,需要先进的处理解决方案.
- 有效的废水处理对于生态系统健康,公共安全和可持续的资源回收至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估50多种废水分离,处理和净化技术.
- 分析各种处理方法的好处,局限性,效率,能源消耗和可持续性.
- 突出结合基于自然的解决方案与先进技术的综合系统的潜力.
主要方法:
- 系统审查和批判性评估已建立的废水处理技术.
- 基于性能,成本,能源使用和可持续性的技术的比较分析.
- 专注于综合系统,包括基于自然的解决方案 (例如,建筑湿地) 和先进技术 (例如,膜分离,AOPs).
主要成果:
- 评估了50多种技术,综合系统显示出改善污染物清除和资源回收的前景.
- 基于自然的系统提供低能耗和生态系统的好处,而先进的技术提供高净化,但面临成本和能源挑战.
- 评估了有效去除营养素,持久性污染物,重金属,新出现的污染物和病原体.
结论:
- 综合废水处理系统,结合基于自然和先进技术,是有效和可持续净水的关键.
- 未来的进步需要具有成本效益的,节能设计,强大的监测,以及AI,ML,物联网和可再生能源的整合.
- 这些创新对于实现水安全,生态系统保护和循环经济原则至关重要.
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