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埃塞俄比亚受冲突影响的PSNP地区的零剂量儿童免疫接种:一个比较的跨部门研究

Fisseha Shiferie¹, Gashaw Andargie Biks¹, Kidist Negash¹

¹Project HOPE Ethiopia Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Gates open research

|January 15, 2026

概括

儿童免疫在冲突地区仍然是一个挑战,干预地区30%的儿童没有接种疫苗. 诸如孕产妇教育和卫生设施距离等因素影响覆盖率,突出了公共卫生干预措施中的不平等.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
全球健康全球健康
流行病学流行病学

背景情况:

儿童免疫每年可以预防数百万人的死亡,这是一个非常具有成本效益的公共卫生战略.
受冲突影响的地区对获得医疗保健和提供服务提出了独特的挑战,影响了常规免疫计划.
埃塞俄比亚的生产安全网计划 (PSNP) 提供了一个整合弱势群体卫生服务的框架.

研究的目的:

评估受冲突影响的PSNP地区12-35个月龄的儿童中零剂量免疫接种的流行率和决定因素.
在实施增强服务整合模型之前,确定干预和比较PSNP地区在零剂量免疫接种方面的可比性.
建立基线数据,以评估PSNP内的综合卫生服务的影响.

主要方法:

一项比较的横截面调查,涉及4,099名母亲和12至35个月龄的儿童的照顾者.
通过受过训练的计数员管理的结构化问卷收集数据.
多变量后勤回归分析,以确定与零剂量免疫状态相关的因素.

主要成果:

干预区的零剂量免疫接种率为30%,比较区为27%,区域差异很大 (例如,在提格莱地区为39%).
零剂量状态的关键决定因素包括地区,母亲缺乏教育,未婚状态,孩子年龄较大 (24-35个月),以及距离卫生设施的距离.
疫苗接种中断率和DTP3/MCV1覆盖率在不同地区有很大差异,这表明持续存在的不平等.

结论:

在受冲突影响的环境中,免疫覆盖率存在持续的不平等,需要有针对性的干预.
干预和比较PSNP地区在基线零剂量流行率及其决定因素方面表现出可比性.
该研究为未来评估PSNP框架内加强医疗服务整合提供了必要的基线数据.

关键词:

受冲突影响的环境.埃塞俄比亚埃塞俄比亚埃塞俄比亚卫生公平性健康公平性免疫接种覆盖范围的覆盖范围孕产妇的教育孕产妇的教育这是PSNP,PSNP.疫苗接种中断的人群一个零剂量.

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