与年龄相关的听力损失与认知衰退的相关性:叙述性审查
Aikaterini D Lianou1,2, Evangelos Kokkinis3, Nikolaos Stefanos Bastas3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Primary National Health Network of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Maedica
|January 15, 2026
概括
与年龄相关的听力损失 (ARHL) 与更快的认知衰退和痴呆风险有关. 听力康复可能有帮助,但需要更多的研究来证实其在预防认知衰老方面的有效性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
背景情况:
- 与年龄相关的听力损失 (ARHL) 或大是老年人常见的感官障碍,影响超过三分之二的70岁以上的人.
- 新出现的证据表明,ARHL是认知衰退和痴呆症的可修改风险因素,强调需要了解这种健康认知衰老的关联.
研究的目的:
- 综合审查将ARHL与认知衰退联系在一起的证据.
- 定义潜在的病理生理机制,这些关联的基础.
- 评估听力康复作为认知障碍预防策略的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,MEDLINE,Google Scholar和Frontiers数据库中进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括的研究是同行评审的,在2014-2024年期间以英语出版,包括系统性审查,元分析或原始研究.
- 总共有37个出版物符合详细审查的纳入标准.
主要成果:
- 强有力的证据表明,ARHL与加速的认知衰退和痴呆风险增加有关,导致全球痴呆病例的8-9%.
- 潜在的机制包括增加的认知负载,神经可塑性变化,血管功能障碍,氧化应激和社会隔离.
- 神经成像显示,听力损失的个体在听觉和关联性大脑区域的灰质减少和皮质缩.
结论:
- ARHL是认知衰退和痴呆症的一个显著的,可修改的风险因素.
- 听力康复干预措施,如助听器和耳植入物,显示出改善沟通,社会参与和减缓认知衰退的潜力,尽管结果不一致.
- 早期检测和听觉干预对于缓解认知衰退和提高老年人群的生活质量至关重要;需要进一步的研究来澄清因果途径和优化干预措施.
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