杰姆斯敦峡谷病毒的进化历史解开了复杂的多向量生态
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|January 16, 2026
概括
詹姆斯敦峡谷病毒 (JCV) 的演变和传播被使用植物动力学分析. 缓慢的进化与蚊子蛋的过冬有关,不同的蚊子类型推动了传播动态.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 杰姆斯敦峡谷病毒 (JCV) 是一种重新出现的北美蚊子传播病毒.
- 关于JCV的进化历史,生态和传播存在重大知识差距.
研究的目的:
- 调查美国东北部JCV传播的进化历史和生态驱动因素.
- 应用植物动力学方法来了解JCV的持久性和传播模式.
主要方法:
- 从美国东北部蚊子 (1997-2022) 中生成了658个全基因组JCV序列.
- 应用了植物动力学方法,包括离散的特征和连续的植物地理重建.
- 综合基因组数据与蚊子监测数据.
主要成果:
- 估计JCV在17世纪初被引入东北地区,A和B的血统在1800年代中期到1900年代中期被引入康涅狄格州.
- 由于在蚊子蛋中过冬 (每年约10个月),JCV表现出缓慢的进化 (~3 x 10^-5 s/s/y).
- 估计低的JCV扩散率 (~30-60公里/年),类似于传播病毒.
- 单伏特种蚊 (Univoltine Aedes mosquitoes) 可能通过过冬的蛋来维持JCV;多伏特种蚊驱动季节性放大和传播.
结论:
- 植物动力学和密集测序可以阐明像JCV这样研究不足的病毒的复杂传播周期.
- 了解季节动态和蚊子宿主相互作用对于管理JCV至关重要.
- 这项研究为推进新兴病毒的进化和生态知识提供了一个框架.
相关概念视频
01:29Viruses of Archaea
464
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
464
02:33Retroviruses
14.6K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
14.6K
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
49.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
49.3K
02:35What is Evolutionary History?
42.9K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
42.9K
01:23The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR
625
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
625
00:57Viral Recombination
24.9K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
24.9K