Phecoder:用于审计和扩展EHR生物库中的基于ICD的表型的语义检索.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|January 16, 2026
概括
一个人工智能工具Phecoder自动识别相关诊断代码,用于电子健康记录研究. 这提高了患者队列的准确性和完整性,用于诸如全基因组关联研究等研究.
科学领域:
- 计算生物学是一种计算生物学.
- 生物医学信息学是生物医学信息学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 基于电子健康记录 (EHR) 的表型鉴定对于全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 至关重要.
- 目前的方法依赖于手动策划的ICD代码列表 (例如Phecodes),这些代码是劳动密集的,主观的,可能会错过相关代码,从而减少学习能力.
- 文本嵌入模型的进步为基于ICD的表型构造提供了自动化和标准化的途径.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估Phecoder,这是一组用于基于ICD的自动化表型化文本嵌入模型.
- 将Phecoder的性能与现有的PhecodeX表型进行比较.
- 评估Phecoder对队列大小和多样性的影响.
主要方法:
- 开发了Phecoder,这是一个预先训练的文本嵌入模型集,以根据自由文本描述的相似性对ICD代码进行排名.
- 对1,125个PhecodeX表型进行了评估,对9个嵌入模型和无监督组合等级融合方法进行了评估.
- 使用回忆和平均精度在top-100 (R@100,AP@100) 评估检索性能.
- 对六种神经精神病现象进行了专家临床审查,并比较了百万退伍军人计划 (MVP) 中的队列大小.
主要成果:
- 费科德,特别是集团等级融合,比单个模型显著提高了检索性能 (例如,R@100的+3%,AP@100的+8%).
- 专家审查证实Phecoder确定了PhecodeX中不存在的其他临床相关的ICD代码.
- 费科德显示了实质性的潜在病例扩张 (中位数为200%,具体疾病高达2000%),增加了人口群体之间的队列完整性.
结论:
- 菲科德提供了一种基于ICD的自动化,客观和高效的表型化方法,解决了手工策划的局限性.
- 该框架增强了相关诊断代码的识别,从而导致更全面和可重复的EHR研究.
- 菲科德在未来的ICD代码版本中的适用性及其在不同人群中提高队列完整性的潜力突出了其在生物医学研究中的价值.
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