在急性SARS-CoV-2感染期间,唾液中的病毒流放动态
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|January 16, 2026
概括
这项研究发现,虽然COVID-19与长时间的埃普斯坦-巴尔病毒 (EBV) 在唾液中流失有关,但这种流失不会触发系统性EBV抗体反应. 需要进一步的研究来了解在SARS-CoV-2感染期间EBV的重新激活.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 爱斯坦-巴尔病毒 (EBV) 在大多数成年人中建立潜伏期,并且可以在联合感染或免疫失调期间重新激活.
- COVID-19与EBV重新激活有关,特别是在住院患者中.
- 在急性COVID-19期间,EBV在口腔中的分泌动态及其对全身抗体反应的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查SARS-CoV-2感染与埃普斯坦-巴尔病毒 (EBV) 在口腔中流出的关联.
- 为了确定急性COVID-19期间EBV的重新激活是否触发了全身抗EBV抗体反应.
- 探索唾液EBVDNA水平与SARS-CoV-2RNA水平之间的相关性.
主要方法:
- 对69名参与者进行了嵌套队列研究 (56名SARS-CoV-2-阳性,13名未感染的对照).
- 参与者每天为28天提供唾液和鼻子样本,并在28日提供血液样本.
- 分别使用RT-qPCR和qPCR来量化SARS-CoV-2RNA和EBVDNA. 用ELISA测量了血清EBV抗体反应.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,SARS-CoV-2-阳性参与者显示出更频繁的唾液EBV泄漏的趋势,以及较高的EBVDNA阳性标本的平均数量.
- 在受感染的参与者中,最大唾液EBV DNA和唾液SARS-CoV-2 RNA水平之间观察到正相关性.
- 唾液EBV再激活与诱导全身抗EBV抗体反应无关.
结论:
- SARS-CoV-2 感染与长时间的 EBV 唾液泄露有关.
- 同时在唾液中高水平的EBV和SARS-CoV-2是相关的,但唾液流失不会驱动全身EBV抗体反应.
- 需要对更大的队列和机制研究进行进一步的研究,以了解触发系统性EBV抗体反应的途径.
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