乌干达艾滋病毒和肺结核患者未接受ART治疗的成年人鼻腔基因表达
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|January 16, 2026
概括
鼻腔基因表达模式可以帮助在艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 中诊断结核病 (TB). 独特的鼻腔生物标志物在这个脆弱人群中显示出早期结核病检测的前景.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 在艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 中诊断结核病 (TB) 是具有挑战性的.
- 上呼吸道是结核病感染的初始部位,这表明可能存在鼻腔生物标志物.
- 对鼻腔样本的宿主转录组分析可能会在PWH中揭示结核病的新型诊断标志物.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定与没有结核病的PWH之间鼻腔基因表达的差异.
- 评估结核病鼻腔基因表达特征的预测性能.
- 将鼻腔基因表达特征与血液样本中的基因表达特征进行比较.
主要方法:
- 在乌干达,新确诊的艾滋病毒和疑似肺结核的成年人被录取.
- 在鼻腔细胞和血液上进行RNA测序,以确定差异表达基因 (DEG) 和途径.
- 使用监督机器学习,使用基因表达数据构建结核病的预测模型.
主要成果:
- 分析了40个PWH (20个结核病,20个没有).
- 确定了44种鼻腔DEG和238种血液DEG,其中3种重叠.
- 鼻腔基因表达模型在结核病预测方面实现了0.87-0.90的AUC,简化签名符合世卫组织分拣标准.
结论:
- 不同的鼻腔基因表达模式与PWH中的结核病有关,与血液资料不同.
- 这些鼻腔基因表达差异代表了PWH中结核病的潜在诊断生物标志物.
- 鼻腔转录学为改善艾滋病毒感染者结核病诊断提供了一个有希望的途径.
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