阿尔及利亚的水源性疾病 (2000-2023):时空趋势分析和公共卫生决定因素
Aissa Benikdes1, Abdelkrim Hazzab2, Khaled Korichi3
1Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Dr. Tahar Moulay, Saida, Algeria.
概括
阿尔及利亚的水源性疾病显示出流行病学的转变,伤寒和痢疾显著下降. 食品传播疾病爆发和甲型肝炎现在占主导地位,需要综合公共卫生预防策略.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 环境健康 环境健康
背景情况:
- 水传播疾病 (WBDs) 在全球范围内构成了重大公共卫生挑战.
- 由于社会经济和环境变化,阿尔及利亚的疾病模式发生了变化.
研究的目的:
- 分析2000-2023年阿尔及利亚主要WBD的时空动态和决定因素.
- 确定流行病学趋势,季节性模式和特定年龄的脆弱性.
- 为有针对性的公共卫生干预和政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 国家公共卫生研究所 (2000-2023) 年度流行病学报告的分析.
- 描述性统计,时间趋势分析和年龄分层分析.
- 对五种主要疾病的检查:食物传播疾病爆发 (FBDO),A型肝炎,痢疾,伤寒和霍乱.
主要成果:
- 显著的下降 (大约. 98%) 在伤寒和痢疾中,表明改善了水和环境卫生.
- FBDO和甲型肝炎占WBD负担的80%以上,分别在夏季和冬季出现明显的高峰.
- 霍乱仍然是零星的,在2018年出现了显著的重新出现;观察到与气候和水资源接入有关的空间差异.
结论:
- 阿尔及利亚正在经历WBD的流行病学转变,转向食源性和病毒性肝炎.
- 综合公共卫生战略至关重要,包括加强监测,改善水/卫生,食品安全,疫苗接种和气候敏感政策.
- 研究结果为面临类似挑战的北非和地中海地区提供了宝贵的见解.
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