在弱势群体中识别自闭症:一个公平的镜头和指导
Maha AlMuraikhi1, Muhammad Waqar Azeem1,2, Salma Malik3
1Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Current opinion in psychiatry
|January 16, 2026
概括
准确的早期自闭症诊断在没有照顾者的病史的情况下是具有挑战性的. 本研究探讨了以观察为先的方法和技术辅助工具,以诊断自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 在具有有限背景信息的儿童.
科学领域:
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
- 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学
- 诊断方法学 诊断方法学
背景情况:
- 早期诊断自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是至关重要的,但当发展史或护理人员输入不可用时很困难,特别是对于流离失所,住院或孤儿儿童.
- 现有的诊断方法往往严重依赖附带信息,在特定人群中构成障碍.
研究的目的:
- 综合观察为先,临床医生领导的诊断ASD的方法.
- 审查受监管的,支持技术的辅助工具,以尽量减少对早期自闭症诊断的附带病史的依赖.
- 在有不完整病史的病例中提出诊断公平的途径.
主要方法:
- 标准化直接观察工具的审查 (例如,自闭症诊断观察计划,第二版 - ADOS-2模块不需要护理人员).
- 评估最近批准的技术辅助工具,包括眼睛跟踪系统和集成视频,护理人员输入和临床医生评级的软件工具.
- 对自闭症检测的移动和远程查范式的分析.
- 开发一个最小的数据集和务实的工作流程,用结构化的观察和客观措施取代护理人员的报告.
主要成果:
- 标准化的直接观察可以帮助诊断有限的历史,但可行性取决于培训,文化适应和服务能力.
- 许多传统的诊断仪器早于目前的诊断标准 (DSM-5/DSM-5-TR),导致构建差距.
- 技术辅助工具的功能是作为决策支持,而不是独立的诊断,需要进一步验证.
- 移动和远程查显示出希望,但需要自闭症诊断的独立,跨文化验证.
结论:
- 诊断公平需要对有不完整病史的儿童提供有效的途径.
- 一个实用的工作流程,整合结构化的观察,附加学校/住所数据,以及临床医生综合下的客观措施,可以取代护理人员的报告.
- 优先事项包括更新传统仪器,发布已知准确度的简短观察电池,以及在各种语言和环境中验证自闭症评估工具.
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