识别结核病预防治疗护理级联中的错失机会:分析印度马哈拉施特拉州的项目数据
Anuj Mundra1, Tarun Bhatnagar2, Mrinalini Das3
1Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
PLOS global public health
|January 16, 2026
概括
在马哈拉施特拉邦,家庭接触者的结核病预防治疗显示出显著的差距. 许多符合条件的个人没有开始接受治疗,完成率很低,特别是在6H方案和私营部门.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 结核病感染,与活跃疾病不同,影响印度超过50%的家庭接触者.
- 国家计划建议对无症状家庭接触者进行结核病预防治疗 (TPT).
- 马哈拉施特拉邦是结核病负担较高的州,为评估TPT治疗提供了一个关键的背景.
研究的目的:
- 分析2023年马哈拉施特拉州家庭接触者的结核病预防治疗护理级联.
- 识别TPT服务提供和利用中的瓶和挑战.
- 为改善TPT覆盖率和完成率的战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 分析2023年马哈拉施特拉州所有报告的肺结核病例的家庭接触者计划数据.
- 评估接触者追踪,查,资格评估,TPT启动和完成.
- 根据TPT治疗方案,护理部门 (公共/私人) 和结核病诊断类型对结果的分层分类.
主要成果:
- 接触者追踪达到了报告的结核病例的84%,确定了406,291个家庭接触者.
- 对于55%的符合条件的接触者 (101,325/185,502) 进行了TPT,只有41%完成了治疗.
- 对于6H疗法,私营部门接触者和临床诊断的结核病病例,观察到较低的TPT完成率和结果记录.
结论:
- 在TPT级联的每个阶段都有重大损失,突出显示了关键的护理差距.
- 加强数据系统,分散服务提供和能力建设对于改善TPT至关重要.
- 需要进行计划性调整,包括全面报告和加强监督,以优化TPT结果.
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