在晚年成年期的排泄率? 一种基于性别的生命过程方法,使用来自美国当前人口调查的短期面板数据
Janet Wang1, Phyllis Moen2, Sarah Flood2
1University of Michigan, USA.
Longitudinal and life course studies : international journal
|January 16, 2026
概括
年长的成年人经历了工作"流失",或者在就业和非就业之间经常发生转换,特别是在50岁和60岁. 这种波动因性别,年龄和其他社会因素而异,影响了后来的职业生涯.
科学领域:
- 老龄化的社会学.
- 劳动力经济学 劳动力经济学
- 性别研究是关于性别的研究.
背景情况:
- 现有的研究突出显示了后期就业/退休道路的多样性.
- 对于即将退休的老年人 (50-70岁) 中的工作"流动" (频繁的就业转换) 情况知之甚少.
- 了解这种"转换"对于分析以后的工作过程过渡至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查在后来的工作过程中,工作流失的发生率和时间.
- 为了确定是否按性别,年龄/生命阶段和其他社会位置而有所不同.
- 调查不同年龄段的退学是否更多地是由约束驱动的还是自愿的.
主要方法:
- 利用来自美国当前人口调查 (1998-2018) 的16个月面板数据.
- 采用一个交叉的,性别化的生命历程理论框架.
- 分析了人口统计和社会经济因素的离职率,时间和异质性.
主要成果:
- 在晚年成年期,男性 (23%) 和女性 (24%) 的整体退学率相似.
- 按性别分类的流产时间:女性在50多岁时更容易出现流产;男性的流产率在67-74岁时超过女性.
- 流失是异质的,受性别,年龄,种族/种族,健康,教育和就业状况的交叉影响;似乎是受约束驱动的 (50-59) 和自愿的 (60-74).
结论:
- 美国老年人的后期工作过程中存在显著的波动.
- 性别和其他结构因素对就业转移的可能性和时间有很大影响.
- 未来的研究应该考虑这些对后期就业过渡的交叉影响.
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