葡萄的期望:解开微生物群在葡萄种植生态系统中的环境驱动因素
Lena Flörl1, Patrik Schönenberger2, Markus Rienth2
1Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
NPJ biofilms and microbiomes
|January 16, 2026
概括
葡萄园中的微生物群落是由地形和气候塑造的,影响葡萄酒的特点. 果相关的真菌可以预测微气候,影响葡萄酒的风味.
科学领域:
- 葡萄种植和葡萄酒学 葡萄种植和葡萄酒学
- 微生物生态学 微生物生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 微生物群落显著影响葡萄酒的质量,这一概念被称为微生物地带.
- 了解葡萄园微生物组的特定环境驱动因素至关重要,但仍然不完整.
研究的目的:
- 研究瑞士葡萄园中塑造土壤和植物相关微生物群落的环境因素.
- 阐明微生物组成,发酵动态和葡萄酒感官特征之间的关系.
- 评估微生物特征对预测微气候变化的潜力.
主要方法:
- 对95个瑞士葡萄园进行了大型多年调查,对12个葡萄园进行了纵向采样.
- 使用16S rRNA和ITS amplicon测序进行微生物社区概况.
- 综合非目标代谢学 (GC-MS,LC-MS/MS),环境监测和感官数据分析.
主要成果:
- 地形和气候被确定为葡萄园微生物组结构的关键因素,对土壤和植物相关社区的影响不同.
- 果相关的真菌群体表现出强烈的特定地点模式,使机器学习能够准确地预测微气候.
- 特定的发酵酵母与不同的代谢物和芳香特征有关,受气候和果化学的影响.
结论:
- 环境因素共同塑造葡萄园微生物群落,有助于微生物地带的概念.
- 葡萄园中的微生物生物地理是复杂的,不同的微生物息地 (土壤与植物) 有着不同的驱动因素.
- 这项研究为了解葡萄栽培系统中的微生物生态及其与葡萄酒特征的联系提供了根本性的进步.
相关概念视频
Environmental Applications of Microorganisms
990
Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
990
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: pH
1.1K
Microorganisms are classified as acidophiles, neutrophiles, or alkaliphiles based on their pH growth preferences, reflecting their adaptations to specific environments. Maintaining a stable intracellular pH is critical for macromolecular stability and enzymatic activity, which can be challenged by external pH variations.Neutrophiles, such as Escherichia coli, grow optimally between pH 5.5 and 8.0. These microorganisms inhabit neutral or slightly acidic environments and employ mechanisms like...
1.1K
Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry
1.4K
Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
1.4K
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Osmolarity
746
Osmolarity is the measure of solute concentration in a solution. It plays a critical role in determining water availability for organisms. Water moves across semipermeable membranes through osmosis, flowing from regions of lower solute concentration (more dilute) to regions of higher solute concentration (more concentrated).In high-solute environments, microbial cells lose water, leading to dehydration and inhibited growth. The extent to which water is available to microbes in such environments...
746
The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition
46.7K
Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
46.7K
Surface Membrane Barriers
2.6K
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
2.6K


