在气候变化中的精密育种:通过奥米克和基因编辑解锁弹性
Tarali Borgohain1,2, Remya Suma1,2, Mantesh Muttappagol1
1Center for Biotechnology, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
Functional & integrative genomics
|January 17, 2026
概括
基因编辑和人工智能等创新育种技术加速了对气候适应性作物的发展. 这些进展对于全球粮食安全和面临环境挑战的可持续农业至关重要.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 植物育种 植物育种
- 生物技术是生物技术.
背景情况:
- 气候变化,日益增长的粮食需求和资源短缺需要在作物育种方面取得进展.
- 传统的育种方法在有效应对这些全球性挑战方面存在局限性.
研究的目的:
- 审查用于作物改进的新育种技术 (NBT) 的最新进展.
- 突出多组学,基因编辑和人工智能的整合,以开发适应气候的作物.
主要方法:
- 对分子标记,全基因组关联研究 (GWAS),基因组选择 (GS) 和下一代测序 (NGS) 的审查.
- 探索基因编辑工具,如CRISPR/Cas,基因编辑和原始编辑.
- 整合多omics平台 (基因组学,转录组学,蛋白质组学,代谢组学,现象组学) 和人工智能 (AI) /机器学习 (ML).
主要成果:
- NBT能够精确地改善特征,增强对非生物和生物压力的抵抗力.
- 多种和AI/ML提供了全面的数据,以了解和操纵复杂的作物特征.
- 将基因编辑与速度繁殖等策略相结合,可以加速特征的发展.
结论:
- 综合系统生物学方法,结合多omics,基因编辑,AI,和速度繁殖是至关重要的.
- 这些技术有望加速气候适应性,高产和营养丰富作物的发展.
- 跨学科的合作对于一个可持续的农业未来和全球粮食安全至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:59Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
21.5K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
21.5K
01:28CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
1.7K
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
1.7K
01:09Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
62.0K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
62.0K
00:49What is Genetic Engineering?
79.6K
Overview
79.6K
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
27.9K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
27.9K
01:10Transcription
155.4K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
155.4K