声带白血病风险分层的双尺度融合视觉变压器模型:一个多中心研究
Jie-Lin Huang1, Li-Juan Li2, Ji-Qing Zhu1
1Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020, China.
American journal of otolaryngology
|January 17, 2026
概括
一个人工智能 (AI) 系统精确地分层了声带白血病 (VCL) 风险,提高了初级临床医生的准确性. 这种人工智能工具提高了诊断性能,并减少了VCL风险评估的变化.
科学领域:
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 医学成像分析 医学成像分析
背景情况:
- 声带白血病 (VCL) 诊断需要准确的风险分层来指导治疗.
- 区分高风险的VCL病变和低风险或恶性病变对临床医生来说是个挑战,特别是那些经验有限的临床医生.
- 现有的诊断方法可能会导致临床决策的显著变化.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一个人工智能 (AI) 系统,用于精确的三层风险分层的VCL.
- 为了特别提高高风险的VCL病变 (严重的发育不良和 carcinoma in situ) 的识别.
- 提高不同经验水平的内镜医生之间的诊断准确度.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性多中心研究分析了来自743名患者的8510张喉镜图像.
- 开发了一个双尺度视觉变换器 (ViT) 架构,具有多尺度特征分析和交叉注意力融合.
- 人工智能模型经过了内部和外部验证,并与12名内镜学家进行了前性读者研究.
主要成果:
- 人工智能系统在高风险VCL识别方面获得了高F1评分 (内部验证0.883,外部验证0.861).
- 人工智能辅助显著提高了初级内镜师的灵敏度 (67.1%至81.4%,P<0.001),减少了诊断差异.
- 该系统在各个机构中显示出强大的通用性 (准确率为90.5%),尽管成像协议异质.
结论:
- 人工智能框架为可靠的VCL风险分层提供了临床有效的解决方案.
- 人工智能系统减少了临床医生之间的诊断变异性,标准化了VCL评估.
- 这种双级ViT方法代表了喉镜诊断的新范式,特别有利于资源有限的环境.
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