糖尿病及其并发症:分子机制,预防和治疗
Lijun Zhao1,2, Jiamin Yuan1,2, Qing Yang1,2
1Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Signal transduction and targeted therapy
|January 18, 2026
概括
糖尿病并发症是复杂的,涉及多器官功能障碍和信号问题. 最近预防和治疗方面的进展,包括新疗法和人工智能,是有前途的,但需要进一步研究临床整合.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学和新陈代谢学
- 基因组学和生物信息学
- 再生医学是一种再生医学.
背景情况:
- 糖尿病并发症源于高血糖引起的多器官功能障碍和中断的细胞间信号传输.
- 空间多组学和单细胞转录学揭示了糖尿病中的分子异质性和器官间交叉声.
- 异常的信号通路包括肌动因,细胞因,激素,肠道微生物群和外体.
研究的目的:
- 审查了解糖尿病并发症的机制,预防和治疗方面的最新进展.
- 批判性地检查当前新型治疗策略的翻译应用中的瓶.
- 突出将AI整合到糖尿病管理中的潜力和挑战.
主要方法:
- 分析空间多组学和单细胞转录组数据,以了解糖尿病机制.
- 审查使用远程工具进行生活方式修改的数字糖尿病预防计划.
- 对具有心脏和脏效益的治疗剂 (SGLT2抑制剂,GLP-1RA,MRA) 和新策略 (干细胞,微生物群调节,TCM,AI) 的评估.
主要成果:
- 数字程序有效降低血红蛋白A1c,并在高风险群体中延迟2型糖尿病的发病.
- 对于SGLT2抑制剂,GLP-1RA和MRA,已经确立了对心脏的益处,有可能用于组合疗法.
- 像干细胞衍生的外体体,微生物群调制和人工智能辅助系统等新的策略为纠正分子功能障碍提供了有希望的途径.
结论:
- 在了解和治疗糖尿病并发症方面取得了重大进展,有望出现新的治疗途径.
- 由于数据多样性和解释性问题,在建立再生疗法的长期安全性和将AI整合到临床工作流中方面仍然存在挑战.
- 过渡到主动,个性化和以患者为中心的糖尿病护理需要解决这些翻译和整合挑战.
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