增加社会脆弱性影响表现,并降低治疗响应在酸性食道炎

Here, we present a protocol that provoked cortisol reactivity in a vulnerable adolescent Mexican American sample utilizing a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Saliva samples were collected at baseline, 15, 30, and 45 min post-TSST onset. Future research could utilize this modified TSST with vulnerable...

Here, a protocol for the culture of human esophageal organoids and air-liquid interface culture is provided. Esophageal organoids' air-liquid interface culture can be used to study the impact of cytokines on the esophageal epithelial...

The long-run supply curve in perfect competition behaves differently in increasing-cost and decreasing-cost industries. It's important to note that this curve is not always a horizontal line.
In an increasing-cost industry, the costs of production materials and resources increase as more companies start producing the same product. This happens because the demand for these input resources increases as the industry grows, making them more expensive. As a result, the long-run supply curve...

Social psychology examines how the real or imagined presence of others influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A key concept in this field is the role of social context in shaping behavior. The same individual may act differently depending on the social setting, due to the varying expectations and norms associated with each environment. This context-dependent behavior illustrates the influence of social roles, which prescribe appropriate conduct in specific situations.Social...

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...

Vagus nerve stimulation has proven to have a strong efficacy for decreasing peripheral inflammation. Here, we present a modified vagus nerve stimulation protocol that allows for further examinations of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory mechanisms in limited inflammatory...