纵向分析腰部压力伤害的生物机械进化在快球运动员:一个系统的审查
C Arun1, Sai Aditya Raman2, Nimishaanth Ss1
1Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Cureus
|January 19, 2026
概括
快投手面临高伤害风险,特别是腰部压力骨折. 生物力学分析显示,肩膀,干部和膝盖的运动显著影响脊柱负荷,突出了针对性预防和康复策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 整形外科 整形外科 整形外科
背景情况:
- 快球是一项体力苛刻的活动,对板球运动员来说,工作负载很高.
- 快速投球运动员的伤害发生率不成比例,特别是腰部压力骨折等腰部伤害,特别是在青少年中.
- 了解生物力学贡献者对于制定有效的伤害预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查15年的研究 (2008-2023) 关于伤害模式和生物力学因素在快球.
- 确定快投手腰部和下肢损伤的关键生物力学贡献者.
- 为提供更安全,更可持续的培训和康复实践提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (MEDLINE,Embase,SPORTDiscus,CINAHL,Scopus,Web of Science,PubMed,Google Scholar) 中进行了全面的系统文献搜索.
- 包括的研究是同行评审,全文,英语出版物,具有前性/后性队列,分析横截面或随机对照试验设计.
- 数据选和验证使用RAYYAN和Mendeley进行,独立的多审核员评估.
主要成果:
- 过度的肩部反旋转 (>25°),干部侧向曲,以及前脚接触时膝盖曲率降低 (<30°) 会增加脊柱和下肢负荷.
- 不良的腰控制将腰部应力损伤的风险提高到88%.
- 较大的脚背部屈曲 (>30°) 似乎通过增强冲击吸收来保护.
结论:
- 预防策略应侧重于早期的生物力学查,工作负载管理和有针对性的腰强化炼.
- 康复需要逐渐增加训练负载和改进运动控制.
- 建议进行长期生物机械监测,以优化性能并最大限度地降低受伤风险.
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