侵入性外来哺乳动物在欧洲对人类健康构成动物性疾病风险
Paola Monguilod1,2, Belinda Gallardo2
1University of Zaragoza, C. de Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|January 19, 2026
概括
侵入性外来物种 (IAS) 传播许多病原体,对人类造成重大动物性传染病风险. 气候变化加剧了这一威胁,扩大了IAS范围,特别是在欧洲.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 动物传播疾病正在增加,气候变化加剧了这一趋势.
- 侵入性外来物种 (IAS) 是新型和现有病原体的重要载体.
- 关于IAS在动物传染病传播中的特殊作用的研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查欧洲八种优先入侵哺乳动物种所带来的动物性疾病风险.
- 评估气候变化对IAS分布和相关疾病风险的影响.
- 确定导致动物传染病出现的关键地区和物种.
主要方法:
- 评估了八种入侵性哺乳动物物种的病原体传播潜力.
- 在气候变化场景下建模了当前和未来 (2050年) 的物种分布.
- 适合IAS建立的地区的人口暴露量.
主要成果:
- 每种入侵物种平均会传播16种人类病原体 (例如,乙核球菌,螺杆菌,莱姆病).
- 中欧和西欧被确定为主要的动物传播疾病热点.
- 气候变化推动了IAS适合性的东北转移;一些物种扩大,其他物种收缩.
- 71%的人口居住在适合IAS建立的地区.
结论:
- 侵入性外来物种对动物传染病的出现构成重大和日益增长的威胁.
- 迫切需要研究和公共卫生策略来管理IAS并减轻动物传染病风险.
- 适应和减缓气候变化对于控制IAS传播和防止未来爆发至关重要.
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