老龄人口中的牙-认知关系:对纵向数据的元分析
Huimin Chen1,2, Ling Ji1, Yilin Wang1
1Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.
Journal of oral rehabilitation
|January 19, 2026
概括
牙损失与老年人痴呆和轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 风险增加有关. 预防性牙科护理和假牙可以通过减轻这些风险来帮助保护大脑健康.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 牙科医学 牙科医学
背景情况:
- 新兴研究表明,牙脱落与老年人的认知能力下降之间存在潜在的关联.
- 支持老龄化人口中这种联系的纵向数据目前有限.
研究的目的:
- 进行一项元分析,研究牙状况与老年人群认知结果之间的纵向关系.
- 分析牙脱落/牙磨损与痴呆症/轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science) 进行了系统的文献搜索,截至2025年2月.
- 包括21项纵向研究,参与者超过3500万.
- 计算了聚合的几率比率 (ORs) 和95%置信区间 (CI),并使用纽卡斯尔-太华尺度评估研究质量.
主要成果:
- 纵向证据证实牙脱落与认知衰退之间存在显著的关联.
- 失去牙增加了痴呆症 (OR=1.26) 和MCI (OR=1.40) 的风险. 埃登图主义显示出痴呆症 (OR=1.16) 和MCI (OR=1.90) 的风险更高.
- 亚组分析表明,女性和西方人口的风险更高. 假牙使用显示出对痴呆风险的潜在缓解作用 (OR=1.03).
结论:
- 失去牙可能会加速认知能力下降,严重程度与恶化的程度相关.
- 使用假牙恢复功能可能有助于缓解认知衰退.
- 预防性牙科护理和假牙治疗是维持老年人认知健康的关键可修改因素.
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