解魔的修辞:20世纪初中国的幽灵信仰和世俗批评
Cognitive science
|January 19, 2026
概括
在中国世俗化转型期间,关于鬼魂和灵魂的辩论揭示了批评者倾向于科学和理性,而捍卫者则使用经验证据. 这项研究分析了1890年至1949年的2000多篇文本.
科学领域:
- 文化 历史 历史 文化 历史
- 宗教研究是宗教研究.
- 数字人文学科 数字人文学科
背景情况:
- 20世纪初的中国经历了重大的世俗化转型.
- 对鬼魂和灵魂的信仰是公众话语中一个突出的话题.
- 了解这些辩论为文化现代化和宗教认知提供了洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 在20世纪初的中国,对围绕鬼魂和灵魂的辩论进行了第一次大规模的实证分析.
- 检查超自然信仰的批评者和捍卫者所采用的修辞策略.
- 将这些辩论置于中国更广泛的文化现代化背景下.
主要方法:
- 利用了从1890年到1949年的2000多份数字化文本 (报纸,期刊,论文) 的新型数据集.
- 使用了密切阅读,人工智能辅助注释和统计建模的组合.
- 分析了辩论的修辞模式和主题内容.
主要成果:
- 发现了一个明显的不对称性:批评者主要使用理论论点 (科学,理性),而辩护者则依赖经验或事证据.
- 这些模式反映了科学作为一种主导认识论的兴起,以及越来越多地使用心理解释.
- 确定了包括不可知论和和解立场在内的各种立场,同时彻底拒绝将鬼魂信仰视为迷信.
结论:
- 这项研究揭示了在中国世俗化转型期间,超自然信仰如何成为一个有争议的领域.
- 研究结果强调了制度转变,认知变化和宗教思想演变之间的相互作用.
- 这项研究为研究宗教认知和信仰体系的文化演变提供了新的方法.
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