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商业渔业放大了温度上升对海洋生态系统捕食者-猎物相互作用的影响

Amy L Shurety^1,2, Murray S A Thompson³, Elena Couce³

¹School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK. amy.shurety@essex.ac.uk.

Nature communications

|January 19, 2026

概括

海洋温度上升和渔业增加了捕食者对猎物的体重比率 (PPMR). 这种由较小的猎物驱动的转变影响了海洋食物网和生态系统的稳定性,对渔业管理产生了影响.

科学领域:

海洋生态海洋生态学
渔业科学渔业科学
气候变化影响气候变化影响

背景情况:

捕食者与猎物的相互作用对食物网结构,能量流动和生态系统稳定性至关重要.
气温上升和商业捕捞可以改变体型分布,影响掠食者-猎物动态.
关于全球变暖和渔业对这些相互作用的联合影响的经验数据有限.

研究的目的:

调查捕食者对猎物的体重比 (PPMR) 是如何受到温度和捕捞力的影响.
为了分析PPMR的变化,使用了在东北大西洋35年来广泛的掠食者胃部含量数据.
了解改变PPMR对海洋食物网能量转移和生态系统稳定的影响.

主要方法:

分析了来自东北大西洋的5万多只捕食者胃,跨越了35年的时间.
量化了与环境温度和捕捞力度相关的捕食者对猎物的体重比 (PPMR).
检查了猎物的体重变化和捕食者的食策略,以应对环境压力.

主要成果:

随着温度的上升,PPMR显著增加.
温度对PPMR的影响被增加的捕捞力度所放大.
在大量捕捞的地区,猎物体质量下降,导致捕食者准更大的可用猎物,但社区范围内的PPMR仍然增加.

结论:

气候变暖和渔业的联合影响导致海洋食物网中的PPMR更高.
增加的PPMR与较弱的食用相互作用和潜在的能量转移效率降低有关,影响生态系统的稳定性.
通过预测气候变化对海洋食物网的影响,研究结果支持基于生态系统的管理和可持续的渔业.

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