在学习和消费行为过程中,MCH神经元对accumbens多巴胺进行调节
Liam E Potter1,2, Brandon A Toth1,3, Jayeeta Manna1,2
1Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
概括
在食物学习过程中,黑色素缩激素 (MCH) 神经元和多巴胺 (DA) 系统共同激活. MCH神经元活动双向调节DA释放,影响养行为和关联.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 神经生物学 神经生物学 神经生物学
- 行为神经科学 行为神经科学
背景情况:
- 感官提示奖励关联对于生存至关重要,但在现代环境中可能有不适应性,导致肥胖和糖尿病.
- 脑下垂体表达黑色素缩激素 (MCH) 的神经元对于激发性养和形成这些关联至关重要.
- 该MCH系统与中临界多巴胺 (DA) 传输的相互作用是MCH在享乐性养和关联性调节中的作用的潜在机制.
研究的目的:
- 描述在养期间MCH神经元和DA传输之间的体内相互作用以及以食物为动机的帕夫洛夫式调节.
- 使用高分辨率技术研究MCH-DA相互作用的时间动态和调制能力.
主要方法:
- 在动物模型中使用了体内纤维光度学.
- 在横向下丘脑/不确定的区域 (LH/ZI) 和内核 (NAc),特别是NAc的中间外 (mNAcSh) 中进行了测量.
- 在消费期间和响应奖励预测线索时监测MCH神经元活动和DA释放,使用MCH系统增益和功能丧失操纵.
主要成果:
- 在mNAcSh中,MCH神经元活动和DA释放在食物消耗和奖励预测线索期间被协同激活.
- 在消费过程中,DA释放先于MCH活动;然而,MCH神经元比DA系统更早地对线索做出反应.
- 操纵MCH系统活动双向调制的DA释放在mNAcSh.
结论:
- 在食物激发的学习过程中,MCH和DA系统的生理联合激活发生.
- 该MCH系统证明了在mNAcSh.Sh.中对DA释放的双向调制的能力.
- 这些发现阐明了养行为和基于奖励的学习的神经生物学基础.
相关概念视频
01:14Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness
2.5K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.5K
00:54What is Behavior?
10.2K
Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
10.2K
01:25Learning Disabilities
579
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
579
01:27Associative Learning
1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K
01:22Purposive Learning
451
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
451
01:12Observational Learning
853
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
853