在COVID-19大流行期间使用远程医疗的趋势和差异的贝叶斯空间分析:回顾性观察研究
Jong Hyung Lee1, Roy T Sabo2, Jacqueline Britz1
1Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
JMIR formative research
|January 20, 2026
概括
远程医疗的使用显著增加,特别是在农村地区在疫情期间. 然而,少数群体和老年人之间仍然存在差异,需要针对性的干预措施来实现公平的获取.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 数字健康数字健康
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间,由于面对面服务受到限制,远程医疗的采用激增.
- 在弱势群体中观察到的远程医疗接入和使用的差异需要进一步调查.
- 了解远程医疗趋势和障碍对于公平的医疗保健服务至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估弗吉尼亚州的远程医疗使用差异,检查人口,社会经济和地理因素.
- 利用空间建模来评估社区特征与远程医疗接入的关联.
- 确定未充分利用的区域,并为公平的远程医疗采用提供信息,以提供有针对性的干预措施.
主要方法:
- 使用弗吉尼亚全付款人索赔数据库和美国社区调查数据进行回顾性分析 (2016-2021年).
- 在邮政编码表格区域层面计算年度远程医疗使用率.
- 贝叶斯空间回归结合人口,社会经济和地理变量来评估远程医疗使用.
- 使用偏差信息标准进行模型选择;结果以 95% 可信度间隔的相对风险 (RRs) 呈现.
主要成果:
- 远程医疗的使用显著增加,农村地区在2020年显著增加 (41.2%) 和郊区在2021年领先 (43.1%).
- 老年人之间的差异最初有所改善,但到2021年略有下降 (RR 0.92).
- 非西班牙裔黑人人口之间的差异扩大 (RR从2020年的0.96下降到2021年的0.93).
- 更高的远程医疗使用与更好的宽带接入 (RR 1.06) 和增加的人口密度 (RR 1.07) 相相关.
结论:
- 弗吉尼亚州的远程医疗使用量急剧增加,特别是在疫情期间农村地区.
- 在流行病后的少数群体和老年人中,在远程医疗接入方面存在持续的差异.
- 扩大宽带基础设施和提高远程医疗素养对于公平获取至关重要,特别是在服务不足的社区.
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