牛灵活使用多用途工具
Antonio J Osuna-Mascaró1, Alice M I Auersperg1
1Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Current biology : CB
|January 20, 2026
概括
常被低估的奶牛表现出灵活的工具使用. 一只名为维罗尼卡的物奶牛用刷子抓伤,将她的技术适应身体的不同区域,挑战了关于牲畜认知的假设.
科学领域:
- 动物认知 动物认知
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 由于文化偏见和有限的研究,包括牛 (Bos taurus) 在内的牲畜物种通常在认知上被低估.
- 认知灵活性,特别是工具使用,是高级问题解决能力的关键指标.
- 对牛认知的研究很少,主要关注生产力和福利,而不是复杂的认知技能.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究牛的灵活工具使用,这种行为很少在非灵长类哺乳动物中观察到.
- 在实验中证明,以自我为中心的工具使用和适应性工具选择在牛.
- 挑战目前普遍认为牲畜种类的认知能力有限的观点.
主要方法:
- 设计了一个实验设置来评估物奶牛Veronika的工具使用情况.
- 进行了随机试验,其中奶牛可以使用甲板刷来自我划伤.
- 牛选择和操纵工具,包括偏好不同的目的,被系统地观察和记录.
主要成果:
- 维罗尼卡展示了灵活的自我中心工具使用,操纵甲板刷来划伤自己.
- 她表现出适应性的工具部署,更喜欢一般划伤的刷毛端和更软的身体区域的棒端.
- 这代表了对非灵长类哺乳动物多用途工具使用的新发现.
结论:
- 这些发现表明,牛的认知灵活性水平比以前认可的要高.
- 这项研究扩大了已知的灵活工具使用的分类学范围.
- 重新评估牲畜认知是有必要的,超越实用性角色,承认复杂的认知能力.
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