与马来西亚残疾人患病率相关的因素
Siti Hafizah Zulkiply1, Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak2, Nor'Ain Ab Wahab2
1Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. sitihafizah.z@moh.gov.my.
Scientific reports
|January 20, 2026
概括
马来西亚残疾人患非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的比例很高,高血压是最常见的. 年轻的PWD和受过高等教育的人患病率较低,这凸显了有针对性的健康战略的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 残疾人面临非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的更高风险,这是全球死亡的重要原因.
- 在像马来西亚这样的中低收入国家 (LMICs),残疾和非传染性疾病创造了一个脆弱的循环,对PWDs的发病率模式的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定马来西亚PWD患者的发病率.
- 为了确定与这一群体的发病率相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 使用了2023年国家健康和发病率调查 (NHMS) 的数据:非传染性疾病.
- 采用了全国代表性的18岁以上成年人横截面调查,采用多阶段分层抽样.
- 使用华盛顿集团短组评估残疾,并将病率定义为糖尿病,高血压或高胆固醇血症的存在.
主要成果:
- 马来西亚成年人中残疾的患病率为8.2%; 73.9%的PWD报告了并发症,高血压最常见 (56.9%).
- 年龄较小的年龄组 (18-35岁和36-59岁) 和高等教育水平 (中学和高等教育) 与明显较低的发病率相关.
- 种族是一个决定因素",其他"类别的风险低于马来人.
结论:
- 马来西亚PWDs的高发病率需要紧急,有针对性的战略.
- 加强查,健康素养和公平获得护理对于减少健康差距至关重要.
- 干预措施应优先考虑少数民族和教育程度较低的个人,以改善这一弱势群体的结果.
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