普遍的线程:共享的社会政治根源和超感官感知和伪科学信仰的后果
Marija B Petrović1,2, Marija Branković1,3,4, Milica Damnjanović1,2,5
1Faculty of Philosophy, LIRA Lab, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)
|January 20, 2026
概括
伪科学和超感官信仰都源于直觉思维. 然而,这些非理性信念同样与保守的世界观和特定的行为有关,影响公共政策讨论.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 非理性的信念,如伪科学和超感官感知 (ESP) 的信念,经常聚集在一起,但内容不同.
- 这些信念可能共享潜在的信息处理风格,但在融入更广泛的世界观方面有所不同,伪科学信仰通常与保守的意识形态有关.
研究的目的:
- 研究伪科学和ESP信仰与思维方式,世界观和行为之间的关系.
- 确定这些信仰体系是否被认知风格,威权主义,民族中心主义和行为模式类似或差异地预测.
主要方法:
- 这项研究采用了三个经验调查,共有1042名参与者在两个冲突后的国家.
- 数据使用内部元分析进行了分析,并结合了预先注册的协议.
- 关键变量包括思维方式 (分析与直观),世界观维度 (保守主义,威权主义,民族中心主义) 和行为指标 (非证据基础的做法,ESP经验,公民活动).
主要成果:
- 伪科学和外观视觉信仰都是由一种不那么分析,更直观的思维方式预测的,这种思维方式的特点是宿命主义和认知矛盾.
- 与假设相反,这两种信仰类型同样与威权主义和以较小程度的民族中心主义世界观有关.
- 行为模式,包括使用非基于证据的实践和参与公民活动,同样与伪科学和ESP信仰有关.
结论:
- 伪科学和ESP信仰有共同的认知基础,并且类似地嵌入保守和威权主义的世界观.
- 这些信念与特定的世界观和行为趋同,对理解公共政策的政治化有重大影响.
- 研究结果强调了非理性信念,认知风格和社会政治态度的相互联系.
相关概念视频
Extrasensory Perception
843
Extrasensory perception, or ESP, suggests the ability to perceive events beyond the conventional senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Parapsychologists, who research ESP and related psychic phenomena, categorize ESP into three main types: precognition, telepathy, and clairvoyance.
Precognition involves foreseeing future events, such as predicting an accident before it happens. An example of precognition could be someone dreaming about a specific event, like a car crash, which then occurs...
Precognition involves foreseeing future events, such as predicting an accident before it happens. An example of precognition could be someone dreaming about a specific event, like a car crash, which then occurs...
843
Subliminal Perception
770
Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
770
Factors Affecting Perception
2.7K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
2.7K
Timing and Consequences on Behavior
366
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective.
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
366
Perception
1.0K
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
1.0K
Gestalt Principles of Perception
1.1K
Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
1.1K


