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功能性核酸水凝:为下一代骨和软骨再生铺平道路

Yuan Tian¹, Xiaobing Li¹, Yuhuan Jiang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Materials today. Bio

|January 21, 2026

概括

功能性核酸水凝通过控制干细胞和提供治疗方法,为骨再生提供可编程解决方案. 需要进一步的研究来解决临床使用的稳定性和生物相容性问题.

科学领域:

生物材料科学生物材料科学
组织工程是组织工程.
核酸纳米技术核酸纳米技术

背景情况:

功能性核酸水凝整合了核酸可编程性与生物仿真水凝特性,用于骨组织工程.
这些材料解决了干细胞操纵,支架生物活性和治疗剂的受控输送方面的挑战.
基于DNA和RNA的策略被用来协调组织再生的关键方面.

研究的目的:

在骨和软骨组织工程中审查功能性核酸水凝的当前状态和潜力.
突出水凝内的DNA和RNA组件影响细胞行为和组织形成的机制.
确定这些先进生物材料的临床转化现有挑战和未来方向.

主要方法:

将DNA水凝分类为纯 (交联,基配对) 和杂交 (体,tFNA,等离子体DNA功能化) 类型.
在水凝和细胞外囊中探索基于RNA的系统,包括非编码RNA (miRNA,siRNA,circRNA).
研究工程微球的核酸的持续和刺激响应释放.

主要成果:

DNA水凝,特别是那些包含四面体框架核酸 (tFNA) 和体的水凝,显示出增强的骨质生成,干细胞招募和支架生物活性.
载有RNA的水凝有效调节骨质生和肌体生路径 (例如,Wnt/β-catenin,BMP/Smad).
临床前研究表明,在治疗骨缺陷,关节炎和骨折方面具有前景,工程微球可以改善RNA输送.

结论:

功能性核酸水凝显示了骨组织再生的巨大潜力,可以精确控制生物和机械线索.
关键的挑战包括改善水凝中的核酸稳定性,提高转化效率,并确保降解产品的长期生物相容性.
未来的进步需要将核酸纳米技术与动态水凝矩阵的协同整合,以获得成功的临床转化.

关键词:

骨和软骨的修复骨和软骨的修复功能性核酸是一种功能性核酸.水凝是一种水凝.组织工程是组织工程.

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