对老年患者进行选择性手术的"老年痴呆症"的相关性和可行性:多方法研究的发现

Patrick Kutschar1, Chiara Muzzana2,3, Simon Krutter1

  • 1Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Center for Public Health and Healthcare Research, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.

PubMed

背景/目的:术后谵妄(POD)是老年患者接受择期手术后常见的并发症。尽管多组分干预措施已被证明有效,但跨学科沟通和跨部门协作方面的不足仍然存在。本研究开发并评估了一种纸质工具——“老年谵妄记录卡(Geriatric Delirium Pass, GeDePa)”,用于在不同照护环境中系统记录POD的危险因素。方法采用多种方法相结合的设计,包括:(i) 结构化文献回顾,(ii) 半结构化专家访谈,以及 (iii) 基于兰德/加州大学洛杉矶分校适宜性方法(RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, RAM)的标准化在线调查。共招募了21名来自奥地利萨尔茨堡和意大利南蒂罗尔的医疗专业人员(包括全科医生、老年病学家、麻醉师、外科医生和护士)(2023–2024年)。结果: 医疗专业人员证实,GeDePa 在不同照护环境中均具有用于早期术后谵妄(POD)风险检测的实用性。采用 RAM 不一致指数(DI)方法进行的专家评分认为,所有 45 项风险因素均具有足够的相关性,且除两项风险因素(饮酒史、术中并发症)外,其余均具备可行性。进一步的详细分析显示更复杂的情况,仅有 18 项因素达成完全共识。一些共识尚不明确的因素(如认知功能障碍和多重用药)因文献中有充分证据支持而被保留。尽管某些因素评分较高,但因其被认为冗余或不具可操作性(如详细的术中并发症)而被剔除。最终,45 项风险因素中共保留了 38 项。结论: GeDePa 是一种可行且有效的工具,可用于系统化评估谵妄风险,并加强初级医疗与医院医疗之间的多学科沟通。目前,德文版和意大利文版已定稿,将进入临床实践中的进一步测试与实施阶段。

相关概念视频

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...