人工智能在希尔施普朗格病的诊断:一个范围审查和多中心方法的推理
Sergio Alzate-Ricaurte1, Felipe Ocampo Osorio2, Adrià Costa-Roig3
1Fundación Valle del Lili. Departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica. Cali, Colombia. Cra 98 #18-49, 760032.
Journal of pediatric surgery
|January 21, 2026
概括
人工智能 (AI) 通过分析组织学和成像数据来诊断赫什普朗格病 (HD) 是有前途的. 然而,当前的人工智能模型需要进一步开发和验证,以获得公平的临床使用,特别是在资源较少的环境中.
科学领域:
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
- 计算病理学计算病理学
- 儿科手术 儿科手术
背景情况:
- 赫施普朗格病 (Hirschsprung disease,简称HD) 是由于缺少肠质细胞而导致的先天性肠道阻塞,在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 存在诊断差异.
- 在LMICs,对病理学服务的有限访问阻碍了及时的HD诊断和治疗.
- 人工智能 (AI) 提出了一个潜在的解决方案,通过自动化基因病理分析来提高HD的诊断可访问性.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合人工智能驱动的诊断策略的证据,用于希尔施普朗格病.
- 确定研究缺口,并指导未来的多中心研究,用于HD诊断中的AI.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA-ScR指南,在主要数据库 (PubMed,EMBASE,Epistemonikos,CENTRAL) 进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2025年6月.
- 包括涉及人工智能应用在儿科患者 (0-18岁) 的疾病诊断的研究.
- 数据提取侧重于AI模型设计,验证,性能指标 (准确性,回忆,AUC) 和可解释性.
主要成果:
- 六项回顾性研究 (2018-2024) 使用机器学习 (n=4) 或深度学习 (n=2) 来诊断疾病.
- 人工智能模型分析了组织学幻灯片或临床/放射学特征,报告了高准确度 (42%-100%) 和AUC (0.82-0.99).
- 研究显示出一些局限性,包括小型,非多样化的数据集,缺乏外部验证,以及没有可解释的AI (XAI),这阻碍了现实世界的可行性评估.
结论:
- 人工智能在识别HD诊断特征方面显示出潜力,但目前的应用在很大程度上是探索性的.
- 临床翻译受到有限的数据多样性,不足的验证和缺乏模型可解释性的阻碍.
- 未来的研究应该专注于多中心合作,来自LMIC的多元数据,以及可解释的AI架构,以实现公平的全球应用.
相关概念视频
The Scope of Physics
52.4K
Physics is concerned with the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time, in order to discover the underlying mechanisms that underpin all phenomena. The word "physics" comes from the Greek word "phúsis", which means nature. Physics seeks to comprehend the natural world around us at its most fundamental level. It emphasizes the use of quantitative laws to do this, which could be valuable in other fields that want to push the performance boundaries of present...
52.4K
Review and Preview
8.3K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.3K
Review and Preview
10.9K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
10.9K
Intelligence
8.5K
The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
8.5K
Measures of Intelligence
8.4K
Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
8.4K
Multiple Intelligences Theory
8.9K
Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligence proposes that there are nine distinct types of intelligence, each reflecting different ways of interacting with the world. Introduced in 1983 and expanded in subsequent years, Gardner's framework challenges the traditional notion of a single, generalized intelligence.
8.9K


