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相关概念视频

Language01:16

Language

894
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
776
Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
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健康矛盾:在语言模型中评估生物医学知识冲突.

Boya Zhang1, Alban Bornet2, Rui Yang3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. boya.zhang@unige.ch.

NPJ digital medicine
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
概括

语言模型可以使用上下文来回答健康问题,但相互矛盾的信息会影响反应. 精心调整的生物医学模型擅长使用正确的上下文并抵抗不正确的信息.

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科学领域:

  • 人工智能的人工智能
  • 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
  • 自然语言处理自然语言处理.

背景情况:

  • 语言模型 (LMs) 越来越多地用于健康信息检索.
  • 以复杂,矛盾的生物医学信息来评估LM性能至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 评估LM在长期,相互矛盾的生物医学环境中如何推理.
  • 评估不同背景环境对LM对健康问题的反应的影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用了HealthContradict,这是一个由专家验证的数据集,包含920个健康问题,事实答案和相互矛盾的文件.
  • 测试了各种提示设置,包括正确,不正确和矛盾的上下文.
  • 测量了环境对 LM 输出的影响.

主要成果:

  • HealthContradict数据集比现有的基准更有效地区分LM的上下文推理能力.
  • 精心调整的生物医学LM显示了利用正确上下文的能力.
  • 模型显示了对不正确或矛盾的上下文信息的弹性.

结论:

  • 生物医学LM的优势来自于预训练知识和上下文推理.
  • 实际上,LM可以有效地利用准确的健康信息,同时减轻错误信息的影响.