使用遥感,GIS和支持矢量机器 (SVM) 评估城市镜片生态系统中的微塑料污染:对环境和生态风险的相关性
Debasis Sau1, Gora Chand Tudu1, Tumpa Hazra2
1Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Environmental monitoring and assessment
|January 21, 2026
概括
在加尔各答,微塑料污染的程度很高.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 评估水质水质的评估.
- 污染监测 污染监测 污染监测
背景情况:
- 塑料垃圾是全球重要的污染物,导致水生生态系统的微塑料污染.
- 微塑料 (MP) 对环境和公共健康构成风险,需要对其存在和影响进行详细评估.
- 城市水体特别容易受到微塑料污染,因为它们靠近人类活动.
研究的目的:
- 在印度加尔各答的城市池和湖泊中量化微塑料的丰富性和特征.
- 研究微塑料污染与各种水质参数之间的关系.
- 开发和验证用于微塑料量化和水体识别的遥感和GIS模型.
主要方法:
- 在季风后和季风前的季节,在24个城市水体进行现场采样.
- 富里埃变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 用于聚合物识别和支持矢量机 (SVM) 用于基于形态的分类.
- 遥感 (Sentinel-2图像) 和GIS技术用于水体识别和微塑料量化建模.
- 对沉积物和微塑料相关金属的分析和污染负载指数 (PLI) 和聚合物危险指数 (PHI) 的计算.
主要成果:
- 在季风后的季节,微塑料的度更高 (20±3.46项L-1),其中纤维占主导地位 (58-59%).
- 聚乙烯 (PE) 是FTIR发现的最常见的聚合物. 微塑料的丰富度与水质参数如pH,TDS,BOD5和大肠杆菌总数相关.
- 遥感和GIS模型实现了高的验证准确度 (水体识别为98.01%,MP量化为92.60%).
- 在沉积物和MP中检测到,这表明了潜在的MP金属相互作用. 聚合物危害指数 (PHI) 显示了相当大的生态风险.
结论:
- 卡尔卡塔城市水体中的微塑料污染很大,具有明显的季节性变化和聚合物类型.
- 水质参数受到微塑料存在的影响,突出了复杂的生态相互作用.
- 使用遥感和GIS的先进建模技术显示出对大规模水体监测和微塑料评估的前景.
- 尽管总体污染率低 (PLI),但高的聚合物危害指数 (PHI) 强调迫切需要针对塑料废物衍生微塑料的减轻策略.
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