在温暖至炎热的环境中,备用潜水员会遭受热应激和缺水
David Hostler1,2, Joshua T Murphey1, Jaqueline Schwob1
1Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Temperature (Austin, Tex.)
|January 22, 2026
概括
备用潜水员穿着沉重的干衣在温暖的环境中经历了显著的热应激和缺水. 增加的核心温度和出汗率表明生理应变,需要环境意识和潜水员轮换以确保安全.
科学领域:
- 生理学 生理学 生理学
- 环境医学 环境医学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
背景情况:
- 备用潜水员在军事和商业行动中使用完全封装的干衣.
- 这些西装在温暖的条件下会导致热应激和缺水.
- 了解生理反应对于潜水员的安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查潜水员在穿着维京HD干衣时对暴露于热量的生理反应.
- 在模拟的温暖环境中量化热应激和低水分.
主要方法:
- 八名无水化受试者 (4名男性) 被暴露在受控的干泡温度 (33°C,36°C,39°C,42°C) 中1小时.
- 试验对象穿着重型干衣,搭配集成靴子和化学防护手套,在基层上覆盖.
- 持续监测包括心率 (HR),核心温度 (Tc) 和皮肤温度 (Tsk) 在内的生理参数.
主要成果:
- 随着时间的推移和温度的上升,心率和核心温度显著增加 (p < 0.001).
- 在42°C的高峰核心温度达到37.9°C±0.5°C,大多数温度条件之间存在显著差异 (p < 0.001).
- 观察到逐渐增加的出汗率,导致42°C时体重变化高达-0.99% ± 0.55%.
结论:
- 在备用潜水员中,即使没有辐射热,在42°C的30分钟和39°C的40分钟后,也会发生显著的缺水和热应激.
- 建议环境意识和备用潜水员的定期轮换,以减轻在炎热的操作环境中的风险.
- 这些发现强调了在潜水操作中管理热应变的重要性,以确保人员安全和任务有效性.
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