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相关概念视频

Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Cascaded Op Amps01:16

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Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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Measuring Near Plasma Membrane and Global Intracellular Calcium Dynamics in Astrocytes
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全球供应链中的系统性风险和级联动态.

Xin Ouyang1,2,3, Litao Liu1,2, Qiance Liu3

  • 1Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

Environmental science and ecotechnology
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概括

由于地缘政治紧张局势,全球供应链面临越来越多的风险. 一项新的研究揭示了系统脆弱性和级联失败,强调需要国际合作,以确保低碳技术转型.

关键词:
科巴尔特是一种.材料流量分析材料流量分析多层网络是多层网络.冲击传播的冲击传播.供应链中的供应链.

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科学领域:

  • * 地球与环境科学
  • * 经济学 * 经济学
  • * 系统工程 * 系统工程

背景情况:

  • *像这样的关键矿物质对于全球向低碳技术过渡至关重要.
  • *互联的供应链容易受到地缘政治紧张局势和干扰的影响.
  • *目前的风险评估往往孤立商品,忽视上下游的依赖关系.

研究的目的:

  • *分析1998年至2019年全球流中的系统风险.
  • * 确定供应链中破坏的漏洞和传播途径.
  • * 评估国家对供应链冲击的抵御力.

主要方法:

  • * 综合贸易相关材料流分析,采用多层冲击传播模型.
  • *分析了全球230个国家和地区的流量.
  • * 通过水平-垂直和直接-间接路径模拟的干扰传播.

主要成果:

  • * 干扰通过复杂的途径传播,将风险集中在采矿,但在炼油-制造业累积.
  • *级联失败会产生一个"雪崩网络",比物理供应链密度高四倍.
  • *脆弱性低但暴露度高的国家 (例如,印度尼西亚,南非,墨西哥) 非常容易受到影响.

结论:

  • * 供应链中的全球系统性风险在过去二十年中呈现出波动性的上升趋势.
  • *国家缓解战略不足;系统层面的协调至关重要.
  • * 实现供应链弹性需要阶段意识,多边合作.